GO語言基礎

認識并安裝GO語言開發環境

Go語言簡介

• Go語言是谷歌2009年發布的第二款開源編程語言

• go語言專門針對多處理器系統應用程序的編程進行了優化,使用Go編譯的程序可以媲美C或C++代碼的速度,而且更加安全,支持并行進程

Go語言特點

• 簡潔、快速、安全

• 并行、有趣、開源

• 內存管理，數組安全，編譯迅速

Go語言開發的應用

• docker

• Codis(豆瓣開發的大部分使用go語言)

• Glow類似于hadoop

• cockroach

一些見解

• Java語言的份額繼續下滑，并最終被C和Go語言超越；

• C語言將長居編程榜第二的位置，并有望在Go取代java前重獲語言榜第一的寶座

• Go語言最終會取代java，居于編程榜之首

Go語言環境搭建

• go源碼安裝

• go標準包安裝

• 第三方工具安裝 比如GVM

• go語言開發工具

  • LiteIDE

  • IDE

  • eclipese、sublime

GO語言基礎知識

第一個Go應用HelloWord

• <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n57" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
  import "fmt"
  func main(){
  //go語言不強制加分號
  fmt.Print("Hello word")
  }
  //cmd輸入 go run hello.go輸出結果</pre>

配置

• go語言依賴一個重要得環境變量：$GOPATH(不是安裝目錄)

  • 使用go get github.com/astaxie/beego命令下載框架失敗，是因為未配置gopath

  • set GOPATH=e:/go_path:設置gopath路徑

  • echo %GOPATH%:查看gopath路徑

  • gopath得作用

    • 下載第三方代碼

    • 包管理與引用

    • gopath多個包調用代碼練習

Go語言常用關鍵字

• break default func interface select case defer go map struct chan else goto package switch const fallthrough if range type continue for import return var

  • package main下得main()函數是go語言得入口

  • var：關鍵字是go最基本得定義變量的方式，與C語言不同的是Go把變量類型放在變量名后面

    • 例:var x int

Go語言開發工具liteide

• 創建應用編譯

• y:="hello" //簡短聲明的使用，可定義多個

• 代碼：

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n100" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
    ?
    import "fmt"
    ?
    func main() {
    var x int
    x = 1
    //這種用法須在函數體內
    y, z := "go demo", 2
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %d", x, y, z)
    }
    ?</pre>

go語言數據類型

• bool

• runne

• int8、int16、int32、int64

• byte

• unit8、unit16、unit32、unit64

• flot32、float64

• complex64、complex128

• string

• array slice

• map

其它基礎

• 數組的定義

• 其它數據類型的使用

• s:=make([]int,10,20)//slice動態數組對象

• map:student:=make(map[string]int)

  • make用于內建類型(map、slice、channel)的內存分配

• 流程控制語句

  • if語句

  • for

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n145" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">func main() {
      sum := 0
      x := 1
      for x <= 100 {
      sum += x
      x++
      }
      fmt.Print(sum)
      }</pre>

  • switch

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n150" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">x:=1
      switch x{
      case 1:
      fmt.Print("demo1")
      //GO默認添加了break
      break
      case 2:
      //繼續需要添加
      fallthrough
      case 3:
      fmt.Print("demo2")
      break
      default 3:
      fmt.Print("demo3")
      }</pre>

  • for循環

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n155" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">x := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
      for i, v := range x {
      fmt.Println(i, v)
      }
      x := make(map[string]int)
      x["zhangsan"] = 78
      x["lisi"] = 90
      x["wangwu"] = 100
      for i, v := range x {
      fmt.Println(i, v)
      }
      x := "zhangsan"
      for _, v := range x {
      fmt.Printf("%c\n", v)
      }</pre>

• Go語言函數

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n160" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">func funcName(input1 type1,input2 type2)(output1 type1,output2 type2){
    //邏輯處理代碼
    //返回多個值
    return value1,value2
    }
    package main
    ?
    import "fmt"
    ?
    func swap(a int, b int) (int, n int) {
    return b, a
    }
    func main() {
    a := 1
    b := 2
    a, b = swap(a, b)
    fmt.Printf("%d %d", a, b)
    }
    //匿名函數
    f:=func(x,y int)int{
    return x+y
    }
    fmt.Println(f(2,3))</pre>

  • go語言中指針的概念

  • defer關鍵詞使執行順序倒著走，退出或資源關閉時使用

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n167" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">defer func() {
      fmt.Println("After defer")
      }()
      fmt.Println("befor defer")
      //defer語句遇到異常繼續執行</pre>

• Go語言結構struct

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n172" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
    import "fmt"
    type Person struct {
    name string
    age int
    }
    type Student struct{
    Person//匿名字段，使用和類包含類似
    speciality string
    }
    func main() {
    person := Person{"zhangsan", 25}
    // person2 :=Person{age:25,name:"wangwu"}//指定字段賦值
    fmt.Printf("%v", person)
    }</pre>

GO語言面向對象

類的定義與使用

• 簡單定義使用

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n180" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
    ?
    import "fmt"
    ?
    type Integer struct {
    value int
    }
    ?
    func (a Integer) compare(b Integer) bool {
    return a.value < b.value
    }
    func main() {
    // var a int =1
    // var b int =2
    a := Integer{1}
    b := Integer{2}
    fmt.Printf("%v", a.compare(b))
    }
    ?</pre>

• go中類的初始化

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n185" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">point:=new(Point)
    point:=&Point{}
    point:=&Point{x:100,y:100}
    point:=Point{}</pre>

  • 定義與使用示例

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n190" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
      import "fmt"
      type Point struct {
      px float32
      py float32
      }
      func (point *Point) setxy(px, py float32) {
      point.px = px
      point.py = py
      }
      func (point *Point) getxy() (float32, float32) {
      return point.px, point.py
      }
      func main() {
      point := new(Point)
      point.setxy(1.24, 4.25)
      px, py := point.getxy()
      fmt.Print(px, py)
      }</pre>

類的繼承與使用

• <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n194" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
  ?
  import "fmt"
  ?
  type Person struct {
  name string
  age int
  }
  ?
  func (person Person) getNameAndAge() (string, int) {
  return person.name, person.age
  }
  ?
  type Student struct {
  Person
  speciality string
  }
  ?
  func (student Student) getSpeciality() string {
  return student.speciality
  }
  func main() {
  student := new(Student)
  student.name = "zhangsan"
  student.age = 26
  name, age := student.getNameAndAge()
  fmt.Println(name, age)
  }</pre>

• Go語言接口

  • 在go語言中，一個類只需要實現了接口要求的所有函數，我們就說這個類實現了該接口

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n202" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
      ?
      import "fmt"
      //非侵入式接口
      type Animal interface {
      Fly()
      Run()
      }
      type Animal2 interface {
      Fly()
      }
      type Bird struct {
      }
      func (bird Bird) Fly() {
      fmt.Println("bird is flying")
      }
      func (bird Bird) Run() {
      fmt.Println("bird is Run")
      }
      func main() {
      var animal Animal
      var animal2 Animal2
      bird := new(Bird)
      animal = bird
      animal2=bird
      animal2.FLy()
      animal2=animal//在GO中可以接口賦值
      animal.Fly()
      animal.Run()
      }</pre>

  • 在Go語言中空間口類似泛型

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n207" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">var v1=interface{}
      v1=6.78
      fmt.Print(v1)
      //類型查詢,看接口接收的什么類型
      if v, ok := v1.(float64); ok {
      fmt.Println(v, ok)
      }</pre>

GO語言進階

GO語言并發編程

Go語言并發編程之協程

• 與傳統的系統級線程相比,協程的大優勢在于其"輕量級",可以輕松創建上百萬個而不會導致系統資源衰竭,而線程和進程通常多也不能超過1萬個,這也是協程也叫輕量級線程的原因.

• go對協程的實現:go+函數名:啟動一個協程執行函數體

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n218" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
    import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
    )
    func test_Routine() {
    fmt.Println("This is one routine!")
    }
    func main() {
    go test_Routine()
    time.Sleep(1)
    }</pre>

• Go并發編程之channel

  • Channel:Go語言在語言級別提供的goroutine間的通訊方式

    • 聲明方式:var chanName chan ElementType

      • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n229" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
        ?
        import (
        "fmt"
        "strconv"
        )
        ?
        func Add(x, y int, quit chan int) {
        z := x + y
        fmt.Println(z)
        quit <- 1
        }
        func Read(ch chan int) {
        value := <-ch
        fmt.Println("value:" + strconv.Itoa(value))
        }
        func Write(ch chan int) {
        // ch < -10
        }
        func main() {
        chs := make([]chan int, 10)
        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        chs[i] = make(chan int)
        go Add(i, i, chs[i])
        }
        for _, v := range chs {
        <-v
        }
        }</pre>

  • 緩存channel

    • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n235" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

      import (
      "fmt"
      "time"
      )

      var ch chan int

      func test_channel() {
      // ch := make(chan int)
      ch <- 1
      fmt.Println("come to end goroutline 1")
      }
      func main() {
      ch = make(chan int, 2) //值是1和值是0的適合輸出執行順序不同
      go test_channel()
      time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
      fmt.Println("running end!")
      <-ch
      time.Sleep(time.Second)
      }
      </pre>

  • select

    • 是linux很早就引入的函數,用來實現非阻塞的一種方式

    • go語言提供語言級別支持slelect關鍵字,用于處理異步IO問題

      • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n245" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">select{
        case <-chan1://如果chan1成功讀取到數據,則進行該case處理語句
        case chan2 <-1://如果成功向chan2寫入數據,則進行該case處理
        default: //如果上面都沒有成功,則進入default處理流程
        }
        </pre>

    • select 三個代碼示例

      • 示例1

        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n251" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

        import (
        "fmt"
        "time"
        )

        func main() {
        ch := make(chan int)
        go func(ch chan int) {
        ch <- 1
        }(ch)
        // time.Sleep(2)//加這一句執行結果不同
        select {
        case <-ch:
        fmt.Print("come to read ch!")
        default:
        fmt.Print("come to default!")
        }
        }
        </pre>

      • 示例2

        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n254" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

        //超時控制的經典實現
        import (
        "fmt"
        "time"
        )

        func main() {
        ch := make(chan int)
        timeout := make(chan int, 1)
        go func() {
        time.Sleep(time.Second)
        timeout <- 1
        }()
        select {
        case <-ch:
        fmt.Println("come to read ch!")
        case <-timeout:
        fmt.Println("come to timeout")
        }
        fmt.Print("end of code!")
        }
        </pre>

      • 示例3

        <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n257" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

        //超時控制的經典實現
        import (
        "fmt"
        "time"
        )

        func main() {
        ch := make(chan int)
        select {
        case <-ch:
        fmt.Println("come to read ch!")
        case <-time.After(time.Second):
        fmt.Println("come to timeout")
        }
        fmt.Print("end of code!")
        }
        </pre>

• 深入Go協程編程

  • 協程與線程質的不同

    • 協程任務的業務代碼主動要求切換,即主動讓出執行權

    • 發生了IO,導致執行阻塞

  • 線程與協程代碼對比(線程幾百個就卡,協程十萬個都不算多)

    • Java線程

      <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n273" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">public class MyThread{
      public static void main(String[] args){
      new Thread(new Test_thread()).start();
      new Thread(new Test_thread2()).start()
      }
      }
      class Test_thread implements Runnable{
      public void run(){
      for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
      System.out.println("thread 1:"+i)
      }
      }
      }
      class Test_thread2 implements Runnable{
      public void run(){
      for(int i=100;i<200;i++){
      System.out.println("thread 2:+i);
      }
      }
      }
      </pre>

    • Go協程

      <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n276" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main
      import (
      "fmt"
      // "runtime"
      "strconv"
      "time"
      )
      func main() {
      //協程1
      go func() {
      for i := 1; i < 100; i++ {
      if i == 10 {
      // runtime.Gosched() //主動要求切換CPU
      <-ch //遇到阻塞主動讓出,否則一直執行下去
      }
      fmt.Println("routine 1:" + strconv.Itoa(i))
      }
      }()
      //協程2
      go func() {
      for i := 100; i < 200; i++ {
      fmt.Println("routine 2:" + strconv.Itoa(i))
      }
      }()
      time.Sleep(time.Second)
      }
      </pre>

GO語言JSON與MD5

Go語言的JSON

• 使用的庫

  • Go語言內置的encoding/json標準庫:性能不太好

  • github.com/pquerna/ffjson/ffjson

• json使用代碼

  <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n289" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

  import (
  "encoding/json"
  "fmt"
  )

  type Student struct {
  Name string //外部要引用要首字母大寫
  Age int
  }

  func main() {
  //對數組類型的json編碼
  x := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
  s, err := json.Marshal(x)
  if err != nil {
  panic(err)
  }
  fmt.Println(string(s))
  //對map類型進行json編碼
  m := make(map[string]float64)
  m["zhangsan"] = 100.4
  s2, err2 := json.Marshal(m)
  if err2 != nil {
  panic(err2)
  }
  fmt.Println(string(s2))
  //對對象進行json編碼
  student := Student{"zhangsan", 26}
  s3, err3 := json.Marshal(student)
  if err3 != nil {
  panic(s3)
  }
  fmt.Println(string(s3))
  //對s3進行解碼
  var s4 interface{}
  json.Unmarshal([]byte(s3), &s4)
  fmt.Printf("%v", s4)
  }
  </pre>

• md5使用

  <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n292" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

  import (
  "crypto/md5"
  "fmt"
  )

  func main() {
  Md5Inst := md5.New()
  Md5Inst.Write([]byte("zhangsan"))
  Result := Md5Inst.Sum([]byte(""))
  fmt.Printf("%x\n\n", Result)
  }
  </pre>

GO語言HTTP

• go語言標準庫內建提供了net/http包

• 處理http請求:使用net/http包提供的http.ListenAndServer()方法,可以在指定的地址進行監聽,開啟一個HTTP.服務端該方法的原型如下:func ListenAndServe(addr string,hander Handler)error

  • 該方法用于在指定的TCP網絡地址addr進行監聽,然后調用服務端處理程序來處理傳入的鏈接請求.該方法有兩個參數:第一個參數addr即監聽地址;第二個服務表示服務端處理程序,通常為空,這意味著服務端調用http.DefaultServeMux進行處理,而服務端編寫的業務邏輯處理程序http.Handle()或http.HandleFunc()默認注入http.DefaultServeMux中

• 處理https請求

  • func ListenAndServeTLS(addr string,certFile string,keyFile string,handler Handler) error

  • http.HandleFunc()方法接受兩個參數

    • 第一個參數是http請求的目標路徑"/hello",該參數值可以是字符串,也可以是字符串形式的正則表達式,第二個參數指定具體的回調方法,比如helloHandler

    • 當我們的程序運行起來后,訪問-http://localhost:8080/hello,程序就會去調用hellloHandler()方法中的業務邏輯程序

• http中get和postdaima

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n318" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">//get代碼
    package main

    import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    )

    func main() {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://www.baidu.com")
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
    }
    //post代碼
    package main

    import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "strings"
    )

    func main() {
    resp, err := http.Post("http://www.baidu.com", "application/x-www.form-urlencoded", strings.NewReader("id=1"))
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    fmt.Println(string(body))
    }
    </pre>

GO語言正則表達式

Go語言標準庫內建提供了regexp包

• 正則字母含義

  • .匹配除換行符以外的任意字符

  • \w匹配字母或數字或下劃線或漢字

  • \s匹配任意的空白符

  • \d匹配數字

  • \b匹配單詞的開始或結束

  • ^匹配字符串的開始

  • $匹配字符串的結束

  • *重復零次或更多次

  • +重復一次或更多次

  • ?重復零次或一次

  • {n}重復n次

  • {n,}重復n次或更多次

  • {n,m}重復n到m次

  • 捕獲(exp) 匹配exp,并捕獲文本到自動命名的阻組里

  • (?<name>exp) 匹配exp,并捕獲文本到名稱為name的組里,也可以寫成(?'name'exp)

  • (?:exp)匹配exp,不捕獲匹配的文本,也不給此分組分配組號

• 正則函數

  • func Match(pattern string,b []byte)(matched bool,err error)

  • func MatchString(pattern string,s string)(matched bool,err error)

  • func MustCompile(str string)*Regexp

  • func(re * Regexp)FindAllString(s string,n int)[]string

• 代碼演示

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n372" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

    import (
    "fmt"
    "regexp"
    )

    func main() {
    isok, _ := regexp.Match("[a-zA-Z]{3}", []byte("zhl"))
    fmt.Printf("%v", isok)
    reg1 := regexp.MustCompile(^z(.*)l<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n372" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;") result1 := reg1.FindAllString("zhangsan", -1) fmt.Printf("%v\n", result1) reg2 := regexp.MustCompile(z(.{1})(.{1})(.*)l<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n372" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;")
    result2 := reg2.FindAllStringSubmatch("zhangsan", -1)
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", result2)

    }

    </pre>

  • 代碼演示2

    <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n375" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

    import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "regexp"
    )

    func main() {
    url := "https://movie.douban.com/subject/1292052/"
    resp, err := http.Get(url)
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    sHtml, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    // fmt.Println(string(sHtml))
    reg := regexp.MustCompile(<span\s*property="v:itemreviewed">(.*)</span>)
    result := reg.FindAllStringSubmatch(string(sHtml), -1)
    // fmt.Printf("%v", result)
    // for _, v := range result {
    // fmt.Println(v[1])
    // }
    fmt.Println(result[0][1])
    reg1 := regexp.MustCompile(<strong\s*class="ll\s*rating_num"\s*property="v:average">(.*)</strong>)
    result1 := reg1.FindAllStringSubmatch(string(sHtml), -1)
    fmt.Println(result1[0][1])
    }
    </pre>

GO語言Mysql與Redis

Go語言使用mysql驅動包:https://github.com/Go-SQL-Driver/Mysql

• 使用sql.open()函數用來打開一個注冊過的數據庫驅動,Go-MySQL-Driver中注冊了mysql這個數據庫的驅動,第二個參數是DNS(Data Source Name),它是Go-MySQL-Driver定義的一些數據庫鏈接和配置信息.它支持如下格式

  • user@unix(/path/to/socket)/dbname?charset=utf8

  • user:password@tcp(localhost:5555)/dbname?chaset=utf8

• Go語言操作mysql代碼

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n390" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

    import (
    "database/sql"
    "fmt"

    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
    

    )

    func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/cost?charset=utf8")
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
    }
    //插入
    // stmt, err := db.Prepare("insert test set t_id=?,t_name=?,t_time=?")
    // res, err := stmt.Exec(998, "zhangsan", "2019-01-02")
    // id, err := res.LastInsertId()
    //修改
    // stmt, err := db.Prepare("update test set t_name=? where t_id=?")
    // res, err := stmt.Exec("lisi", 999)
    // id, err := res.RowsAffected()
    //數據庫一主多從,從庫多是用來查詢的
    //查詢
    rows, err := db.Query("select * from test where t_id=999")
    if err != nil {
    panic(err)
    }
    for rows.Next() {
    var t_id int
    var t_name string
    var t_time string
    err = rows.Scan(&t_id, &t_name, &t_time)
    fmt.Println(t_id, t_name, t_time)
    }
    //在go中創建的變量必須調用一次
    // fmt.Println(id)
    }
    </pre>

Go語言使用的Redis驅動包:https://github.com/astaxie/goredis

• 驅動包需設置gopath下載使用

• 下載安裝redis并啟動

• redis的基本操作類型

  • string

  • hash

  • set

  • list

  • zset

• redis代碼示例

  <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n412" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">package main

  import (
  "fmt"

  "github.com/astaxie/goredis"
  

  )

  func main() {
  var client goredis.Client
  client.Addr = "127.0.0.1:6379"
  //存入數據到redis
  err := client.Set("test", []byte("hello beifeng"))
  if err != nil {
  panic(err)
  }
  //從redis獲取數據
  res, err := client.Get("test")
  if err != nil {
  panic(err)
  }
  fmt.Println(string(res))
  //庫中hmset方法使用
  f := make(map[string]interface{})
  f["name"] = "zhangsan"
  f["age"] = 12
  f["sex"] = "male"
  err = client.Hmset("test_hash", f)
  if err != nil {
  panic(err)
  }
  //庫中 zset方法使用
  _, err = client.Zadd("test_zset", []byte("beifeng"), 100)
  if err != nil {
  panic(err)
  }
  }
  </pre>

• redis命令行操作查看

  • <pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n417" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 1.125rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background: inherit; position: relative !important; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); padding: 0.5rem 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.88em; border: 1px solid rgb(122, 122, 122); margin-top: 0px; line-height: 1.5rem; width: inherit;">//啟動服務
    redis-server.exe
    //啟動客戶端查看數據
    E:\quickSorftWare\redis>redis-cli.exe
    127.0.0.1:6379> get test
    "hello golang"
    127.0.0.1:6379> type test_hash
    none
    127.0.0.1:6379> type test_hash
    hash
    127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall test_hash
    1. "age"
    2. "12"
    3. "sex"
    4. "male"
    5. "name"
    6. "zhangsan"
       127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall test_zadd
       (empty list or set)
       127.0.0.1:6379> type test_zadd
       none
       127.0.0.1:6379> type test_zset
       zset
       127.0.0.1:6379> zrange test_zset 0 -1
    7. "golang"
       </pre>