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本文出自Shawpoo的簡(jiǎn)書
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2、Firebase系列之---Cloud Messaging/Notifications(云消息，推送)的使用
3、Firebase系列之—Realtime Database(實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫)的使用
Cloud Messaging
Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) 是一種跨平臺(tái)消息傳遞解決方案，開發(fā)者可以使用它免費(fèi)且可靠地傳遞消息和通知。
使用 FCM，可以通知客戶端應(yīng)用存在可以同步的新電子郵件或其他數(shù)據(jù)。 您可以發(fā)送通知來重新吸引用戶和促進(jìn)用戶留存。 對(duì)于即時(shí)通訊等用例，一條消息可以將最大 4KB 的負(fù)載傳送至客戶端應(yīng)用。
1、準(zhǔn)備工作和連接Firebase
點(diǎn)擊查看Firebase系列之---初探Firebase
2、引用SDK和編寫代碼
- 引用Firebase Cloud Message SDK
在app的build.gradle文件中添加：
- 引用Firebase Cloud Message SDK
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:9.6.1'
}
- 接收和處理通知的兩種情況
下表來自官方文檔：
| 應(yīng)用狀態(tài) | 通知 | 數(shù)據(jù) | 通知且攜帶數(shù)據(jù) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 前臺(tái) | onMessageReceived | onMessageReceived | onMessageReceived |
| 后臺(tái) | 系統(tǒng)托盤 | onMessageReceived | 通知：系統(tǒng)托盤數(shù)據(jù)：Intent 的 extra 中 |
由上表可以得出，通知分為兩種：
當(dāng)應(yīng)用處于前臺(tái)時(shí)通知會(huì)回調(diào)onMessageReceived方法，如果想通知的話需要手動(dòng)通知，并取到攜帶的數(shù)據(jù)。
當(dāng)應(yīng)用處于后臺(tái)時(shí)，F(xiàn)irebase sdk會(huì)自動(dòng)在系統(tǒng)托盤中通知，如果攜帶數(shù)據(jù)的話會(huì)回調(diào)onMessageReceived，如果點(diǎn)擊通知欄的話取數(shù)據(jù)需要通過Intent獲取。
- 添加通知所需Service和AndroidManifest.xml的配置
1.新建MyFirebaseMessagingService 繼承FirebaseMessagingService
public class MyFirebaseMessagingService extends FirebaseMessagingService {
private static final String TAG = "MyFirebaseMsgService";
/**
* Called when message is received.
*
* @param remoteMessage Object representing the message received from Firebase Cloud Messaging.
*/
// [START receive_message]
@Override
public void onMessageReceived(RemoteMessage remoteMessage) {
// [START_EXCLUDE]
// There are two types of messages data messages and notification messages. Data messages are handled
// here in onMessageReceived whether the app is in the foreground or background. Data messages are the type
// traditionally used with GCM. Notification messages are only received here in onMessageReceived when the app
// is in the foreground. When the app is in the background an automatically generated notification is displayed.
// When the user taps on the notification they are returned to the app. Messages containing both notification
// and data payloads are treated as notification messages. The Firebase console always sends notification
// messages. For more see: https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options
// [END_EXCLUDE]
// TODO(developer): Handle FCM messages here.
// Not getting messages here? See why this may be: https://goo.gl/39bRNJ
Log.d(TAG, "From: " + remoteMessage.getFrom());
// Check if message contains a data payload.
if (remoteMessage.getData().size() > 0) {
Log.d(TAG, "Message data payload: " + remoteMessage.getData());
if (/* Check if data needs to be processed by long running job */ true) {
// For long-running tasks (10 seconds or more) use Firebase Job Dispatcher.
scheduleJob();
} else {
// Handle message within 10 seconds
handleNow();
}
}
// Check if message contains a notification payload.
if (remoteMessage.getNotification() != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "Message Notification Body: " + remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody());
sendNotification(remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody());
}
// Also if you intend on generating your own notifications as a result of a received FCM
// message, here is where that should be initiated. See sendNotification method below.
}
// [END receive_message]
/**
* Schedule a job using FirebaseJobDispatcher.
*/
private void scheduleJob() {
// [START dispatch_job]
FirebaseJobDispatcher dispatcher = new FirebaseJobDispatcher(new GooglePlayDriver(this));
Job myJob = dispatcher.newJobBuilder()
.setService(MyJobService.class)
.setTag("my-job-tag")
.build();
dispatcher.schedule(myJob);
// [END dispatch_job]
}
/**
* Handle time allotted to BroadcastReceivers.
*/
private void handleNow() {
Log.d(TAG, "Short lived task is done.");
}
/**
* Create and show a simple notification containing the received FCM message.
*
* @param messageBody FCM message body received.
*/
private void sendNotification(String messageBody) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, CloudMessagingActivity.class);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0 /* Request code */, intent,
PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);
Uri defaultSoundUri= RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_stat_ic_notification)
.setContentTitle("FCM Message")
.setContentText(messageBody)
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setSound(defaultSoundUri)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
NotificationManager notificationManager =
(NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.notify(0 /* ID of notification */, notificationBuilder.build());
}
}
2、新建MyJobService繼承JobService
public class MyJobService extends JobService {
private static final String TAG = "MyJobService";
@Override
public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters jobParameters) {
Log.d(TAG, "Performing long running task in scheduled job");
// TODO(developer): add long running task here.
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onStopJob(JobParameters jobParameters) {
return false;
}
}
3、在AndroidManifest.xml中配置：
<application
//....
>
//...
<!-- [START firebase_service] -->
<service
android:name=".messaging.MyFirebaseMessagingService">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT"/>
</intent-filter>
</service>
<!-- [END firebase_service] -->
<service android:name=".messaging.MyJobService"
android:exported="false">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.firebase.jobdispatcher.ACTION_EXECUTE"/>
</intent-filter>
</service>
</application
如果點(diǎn)擊通知欄的話為了避免重復(fù)打開Activity的話，需要設(shè)置Activity的啟動(dòng)模式為singleTask，意思為在當(dāng)前棧中如果存在此Activity實(shí)例就不會(huì)重新創(chuàng)建，且此時(shí)會(huì)回調(diào)onNewIntent()方法。配置如下：
<activity android:name=".activity.CloudMessagingActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTask"> //設(shè)置啟動(dòng)模式
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
- 4）編寫Activity和layout便于測(cè)試
Activity代碼：
public class CloudMessagingActivity extends BaseAppCompatActivity {
private TextView mMessageText;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_cloud_message);
mMessageText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_message);
}
@Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
super.onNewIntent(intent);
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
if (intent.getExtras() != null) {
for (String key : intent.getExtras().keySet()) {
Object value = intent.getExtras().get(key);
builder.append("鍵：" + key + "-值：" + value + "\n");
}
mMessageText.setText(builder.toString());
}
}
}
activity_cloud_message很簡(jiǎn)單就一個(gè)TextView用于顯示接收到的值：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_message"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="顯示內(nèi)容："/>
</LinearLayout>
運(yùn)行效果如下：
前臺(tái)運(yùn)行
3、通過Firebase控制臺(tái)發(fā)送消息并測(cè)試
這里我們測(cè)試一下當(dāng)應(yīng)用在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行時(shí)，控制臺(tái)發(fā)送消息并攜帶值的情況：
1、在Firebase控制臺(tái)填寫信息并發(fā)送：
填寫消息內(nèi)容
填寫標(biāo)題及攜帶的數(shù)據(jù)
2、手機(jī)執(zhí)行效果
可以看到手機(jī)已經(jīng)收到控制臺(tái)發(fā)送的消息：
接收通知
當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊通知欄的話會(huì)將在控制臺(tái)填寫的自定義數(shù)據(jù)獲取到并顯示（也有firebase默認(rèn)的key-value）：
處理通知
順便我也測(cè)試了當(dāng)APP在前臺(tái)運(yùn)行時(shí)也可以接收到攜帶的數(shù)據(jù)，如果需要的話對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理即可：
處于前臺(tái)運(yùn)行
Firebase的Cloud Message功能就是這樣，本文只是此功能的一個(gè)測(cè)試用例，如要完成項(xiàng)目業(yè)務(wù)，可以自行擴(kuò)展。如果錯(cuò)誤或建議，請(qǐng)多多指教。
