在“使用 Android Studio 開發(fā) Web 程序 - 測(cè)試”中說明了為什么要選擇 Spock Framework 來做為測(cè)試時(shí)的框架。在操作時(shí)，build.gradle 要做一定程度上的配置，才能夠使以 Spock 寫出來的源代碼得以運(yùn)作，以下將會(huì)說明相關(guān)配置上的細(xì)節(jié)。
首先，Spock 的測(cè)試源代碼需要使用 Groovy 語(yǔ)言來編寫，所以 build.gradle 中要先引用 Groovy 的 Gradle Plugin。第一步要在 Root 的 build.gradle 中增加以下內(nèi)容：
buildscript {
...
dependencies {
...
classpath 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-android-gradle-plugin:1.1.0'
}
}
第二步是在要使用 Groovy 的項(xiàng)目 build.gradle 中增加 apply plugin: 'groovyx.android’ 的內(nèi)容，讓 Gradle 可以正確地識(shí)別 Groovy 所寫的源代碼。
第三步要配置在封裝 Apk 的過程中被排除的文件：
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/services/org.codehaus.groovy.transform.ASTTransformation'
exclude 'META-INF/services/org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule'
}
完成以上的工作就可以配置 Dependencies 以便在撰寫程序時(shí)可以引用到 Spock Framework 里的 Class。但是光只有 Spock 也只能對(duì)一般的 Class 進(jìn)行測(cè)試，如果要測(cè)試 Android 控件，牽涉到 Context 的問題，還是要使用官方的 Espresso 或是 Robolectric。
Espresso 的問題不大，只要把 Java 的寫法改成 Groovy 套到 Spock 的 Class 結(jié)構(gòu)里就行了。Robolectric 則是要改為引用另一個(gè)包：Robospock，依照 Robospock 的官方文件的說明，就可以順利的使用 Spock 來測(cè)試 Android 的控件。RoboSpock 就已經(jīng)有引用 Robolectric，所以自己的 build.gradle 并不需要再配置一次。只是必須受限于 RoboSpock 生成時(shí)所配置的 Robolectric 版本，不一定能使用最新版的 Robolectric。
最后一個(gè)要注意的事項(xiàng)是，Espresso 在運(yùn)行前是要經(jīng)過實(shí)際封裝 Apk 的過程，所以 Groovy 在引用時(shí)要使用特別為 Android 開發(fā)的版本 - org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.4.7:grooid，否則很容易會(huì)出現(xiàn)超出 64K 的問題。
以下是完整的 build.gradle 的演示內(nèi)容：
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'groovyx.android'
android {
compileSdkVersion 24
buildToolsVersion "25.0.0"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.sampleapp”
minSdkVersion 9
targetSdkVersion 24
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
testOptions {
unitTests.returnDefaultValues = true
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/services/org.codehaus.groovy.transform.ASTTransformation'
exclude 'META-INF/services/org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule'
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
testCompile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-all:2.4.7'
testCompile 'org.spockframework:spock-core:1.0-groovy-2.4'
testCompile 'org.robospock:robospock:1.0.1'
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
})
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2', {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
})
androidTestCompile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.4.7:grooid'
androidTestCompile('org.spockframework:spock-core:1.0-groovy-2.4') {
exclude group: 'org.codehaus.groovy'
exclude group: 'junit'
}
}
撰寫 Spock 測(cè)試前要先手動(dòng)在 androidTest 或是 test 路徑下增加 groovy 的文件夾，其下再依據(jù)所屬的 Package 產(chǎn)生路徑結(jié)構(gòu)。
最后，由于相容性的關(guān)系，在編譯的過程中會(huì)持續(xù)出現(xiàn)以下的訊息，但實(shí)際操作時(shí)并沒有阻擋或影響到測(cè)試程序的運(yùn)行，所以可以忽略、不用理會(huì)。
:module:transformClassesWithDexForDebugAndroidTest
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"warning: Ignoring InnerClasses attribute for an anonymous inner class","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"(groovyjarjarantlr.TokenStreamRewriteEngine$1) that doesn\u0027t come with an","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"associated EnclosingMethod attribute. This class was probably produced by a","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"compiler that did not target the modern .class file format. The recommended","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"solution is to recompile the class from source, using an up-to-date compiler","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"and without specifying any \"-target\" type options. The consequence of ignoring","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"this warning is that reflective operations on this class will incorrectly","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"indicate that it is *not* an inner class.","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"warning: Ignoring InnerClasses attribute for an anonymous inner class","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"(groovyjarjarantlr.build.ANTLR$1) that doesn\u0027t come with an","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"associated EnclosingMethod attribute. This class was probably produced by a","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"compiler that did not target the modern .class file format. The recommended","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"solution is to recompile the class from source, using an up-to-date compiler","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"and without specifying any \"-target\" type options. The consequence of ignoring","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"this warning is that reflective operations on this class will incorrectly","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"indicate that it is *not* an inner class.","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"warning: Ignoring InnerClasses attribute for an anonymous inner class","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"(groovyjarjarantlr.debug.misc.ASTFrame$1) that doesn\u0027t come with an","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"associated EnclosingMethod attribute. This class was probably produced by a","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"compiler that did not target the modern .class file format. The recommended","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"solution is to recompile the class from source, using an up-to-date compiler","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"and without specifying any \"-target\" type options. The consequence of ignoring","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"this warning is that reflective operations on this class will incorrectly","sources":[{}]}
AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"indicate that it is *not* an inner class.","sources":[{}]}
