iOS之LLDB常用命令

LLDB是個開源的內置于XCode的調試工具,這里來理一理常用用法。
lldb對于命令的簡稱,是頭部匹配方式,只要不混淆,你可以隨意簡稱某個命令。結果為在xcode下驗證所得,可能與其它平臺有所誤差。

1 打印值、修改值、調用方法

1.1 p、po 打印值

打印相關的命令有:p、po。
p 和 po 的區別在于使用 po 只會輸出對應的值,而 p 則會返回值的類型以及命令結果的引用名。

(lldb) p width
(CGFloat) $10 = 70
(lldb) po width
70
(lldb) p endTime
(__NSCFString *) $14 = 0x0000608000437660 @"08-11 11:43"
(lldb) po endTime
08-11 11:43

對比結果:

po:輸出值
p:輸出值+值類型+引用名+內存地址(xcode中有內存地址,其它平臺不確定)

除此之外,p還隱藏了一個有意思的功能,常量的進制轉換:

//默認打印為10進制
(lldb) p 100
(int) $8 = 100
//轉16進制
(lldb) p/x 100
(int) $9 = 0x00000064
//轉8進制
(lldb) p/o 100
(int) $10 = 0144
//轉二進制
(lldb) p/t 100
(int) $2 = 0b00000000000000000000000001100100
//字符轉10進制數字
(lldb) p/d 'A'
(char) $7 = 65
//10進制數字轉字符
(lldb) p/c 66
(int) $10 = B\0\0\0

1.2 expression 修改參數值

感覺exp命令是調試過程中最有價值有命令了,它可以打印值、修改值。

//expression打印值
(lldb) expression width
(CGFloat) $5 = 67
//expression修改值
(lldb) expression width = 80
(CGFloat) $6 = 80
//打印修改后結果
(lldb) p width
(CGFloat) $7 = 80
(lldb) 

expression:同樣可以輸出值+值類型+引用名,但其一般用于修改。

1.3 call 方法調用

在斷點調用某個方法,?并輸出此方法的返回值。

(lldb) call width
(CGFloat) $12 = 70
(lldb) call endTime
(__NSCFString *) $16 = 0x0000608000437660 @"08-11 11:43"

call:同樣為輸出值+值類型+引用名

2 Thread

2.1 堆棧打印 thread backtrace

如果嫌堆棧打印太長,可以加一個值限制,如bt 10,只打印

(lldb) bt 10
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
  * frame #0: 0x00000001005e4906 DiDi`-[FW_HomeCell_HotBill setDataSource:](self=0x00007fd3938a7800, _cmd="setDataSource:", dataSource=0x00006080001c8bb0) at FW_HomeCell.m:357
    frame #1: 0x00000001009a9fd7 DiDi`-[FW_MyHomeTableView tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:](self=0x00007fd3921fec00, _cmd="tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:", tableView=0x00007fd3921fec00, indexPath=0xc000000000000316) at FW_MyHomeTableView.m:247
    frame #2: 0x00000001055a2ab2 UIKit`-[UITableView _createPreparedCellForGlobalRow:withIndexPath:willDisplay:] + 750
    frame #3: 0x00000001055a2cf8 UIKit`-[UITableView _createPreparedCellForGlobalRow:willDisplay:] + 74
    frame #4: 0x0000000105577639 UIKit`-[UITableView _updateVisibleCellsNow:isRecursive:] + 2845
    frame #5: 0x00000001055abccc UIKit`-[UITableView _performWithCachedTraitCollection:] + 111
    frame #6: 0x0000000105592e7a UIKit`-[UITableView layoutSubviews] + 233
    frame #7: 0x00000001054f955b UIKit`-[UIView(CALayerDelegate) layoutSublayersOfLayer:] + 1268
    frame #8: 0x0000000105114904 QuartzCore`-[CALayer layoutSublayers] + 146
    frame #9: 0x0000000105108526 QuartzCore`CA::Layer::layout_if_needed(CA::Transaction*) + 370

2.2 thread return 跳出當前方法的執行

Debug的時候,也許會因為各種原因,我們不想讓代碼執行某個方法,或者要直接返回一個想要的值。這時候就該thread return上場了。
有返回值的方法里,如:numberOfSectionsInTableView:,直接thread return 10,就可以直接跳過方法執行,返回10.

//跳出方法
(lldb) thread return
//讓帶有返回int值的方法直接跳出,并返回值10
(lldb) thread return 10

2.3 流程控制

實際上使用xcode自帶的可視化工具來控制“繼續”“暫停”“下一步”“進入”“跳出”更簡單

繼續:continue, c
下一步:next, n
進入:step, s
跳出:finish, f

2.4 跳幀 frame select N

2.1中打印有10幀,如果我想跳轉到第1幀:frame select 1

(lldb) frame select 1
frame #1: 0x0000000105e91c3c DiDi`-[FW_HomeViewController tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:](self=0x00007fbf9f73b410, _cmd="tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:", tableView=0x00007fbfa11dc400, indexPath=0xc000000000a00316) at FW_HomeViewController.m:597
   594                  break;
   595                  
   596                  case 3: {
-> 597                      cell.?[4md?[0mataSource = _hotBills[indexPath.row];
   598                      cell.textSelect = ^(UITextField *text) {
   599                          weakSelf.curruntText = text;
   600                      };

2.5 查看幀變量 frame variable

(lldb) frame variable
(FW_HomeViewController *) self = 0x00007faccbf587d0
(SEL) _cmd = "tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:"
(UITableView *) tableView = 0x00007faccd09b400
(NSIndexPath *) indexPath = 0xc000000000000316
(FW_HomeViewController *) weakSelf = 0x00007faccbf587d0
(FW_HomeCell_HotBill *) cell = 0x00007faccc101a00
(UIView *) model = 0x00007fff52c13d90
(FW_HomeCell_HotBill *) billCell = 0x00000001124e99f6

3 Image

3.1 image lookup -address 查找崩潰位置

當你遇見數組崩潰,你又沒有找到崩潰的位置,只扔給你一堆報錯信息,這時候image lookup來幫助你。如下

0   CoreFoundation                      0x0000000103209b0b __exceptionPreprocess + 171
    1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x00000001079db141 objc_exception_throw + 48
    2   CoreFoundation                      0x000000010313effb -[__NSArrayM objectAtIndex:] + 203
    3   DiDi                                0x00000001009a9f3a -[FW_MyHomeTableView tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:] + 1322
    4   UIKit                               0x00000001055a2ab2 -[UITableView _createPreparedCellForGlobalRow:withIndexPath:willDisplay:] + 750
    5   UIKit                               0x00000001055a2cf8 -[UITableView _createPreparedCellForGlobalRow:willDisplay:] + 74
    6   UIKit                               0x0000000105577639 -[UITableView _updateVisibleCellsNow:isRecursive:] + 2845
    7   UIKit                               0x00000001055abccc -[UITableView _performWithCachedTraitCollection:] + 111
    8   UIKit                               0x0000000105592e7a -[UITableView layoutSubviews] + 233
    9   UIKit                               0x00000001054f955b -[UIView(CALayerDelegate) layoutSublayersOfLayer:] + 1268
    10  QuartzCore                          0x0000000105114904 -[CALayer layoutSublayers] + 146

尋找自己項目的標識,看到frame3位置,你只需這樣查找位置:

image lookup -a 0x00000001009a9f3a
      Address: DiDi[0x0000000100609f3a] (DiDi.__TEXT.__text + 6323194)
      Summary: DiDi`-[FW_MyHomeTableView tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:] + 1322 at FW_MyHomeTableView.m:243

項目中FW_MyHomeTableView.m:243,perfect!

3.2 image lookup -name 查找方法來源

此命令可以用來查找方法的來源。包括在第三方SDK中的方法,也能被查到。
例:查找transformOtherModelToSuit:

(lldb) image lookup -n transformOtherModelToSuit:
1 match found in /Users/xxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/DiDi-cwpbvvyvqmeijmcjnneothzuthsy/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/DiDi.app/DiDi:
        Address: DiDi[0x0000000100293d60] (DiDi.__TEXT.__text + 2693664)
        Summary: DiDi`+[FW_BetFunction transformOtherModelToSuit:] at FW_BetFunction.m:107

3.3 image lookup –type 查看成員

查看某個class的所有屬性和成員變量。不過貌似frameWork庫中文件不能查看。

(lldb) image lookup -t MatchEvent
1 match found in /Users/xxxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/DiDi-cwpbvvyvqmeijmcjnneothzuthsy/Build/Products/Debug-iphonesimulator/DiDi.app/DiDi:
id = {0x00433d32}, name = "MatchEvent", byte-size = 48, decl = MatchEvent.h:11, compiler_type = "@interface MatchEvent : NSObject{
    BOOL _isHome;
    NSString * _playerName;
    NSString * _timePoint;
    NSString * _eventType;
    NSString * _eventDesc;
}
@property ( getter = isHome,setter = setIsHome:,assign,readwrite,nonatomic ) BOOL isHome;
@property ( getter = playerName,setter = setPlayerName:,readwrite,copy,nonatomic ) NSString * playerName;
@property ( getter = timePoint,setter = setTimePoint:,readwrite,copy,nonatomic ) NSString * timePoint;
@property ( getter = eventType,setter = setEventType:,readwrite,copy,nonatomic ) NSString * eventType;
@property ( getter = eventDesc,setter = setEventDesc:,readwrite,copy,nonatomic ) NSString * eventDesc;
@end"

4 breakpoint

4.1 文件名+行號 breakpoint set -f xxx -l xxx

我們平時操作xcode,在某一行點下斷點,其實操作的就是這個命令。

(lldb) breakpoint set -f FW_ProfilesDetailModel.m -l 95
Breakpoint 3: where = DiDi`-[FW_ProfilesDetailModel incomeRate] + 27 at FW_ProfilesDetailModel.m:96, address = 0x0000000105b404bb

4.2 函數名斷點

4.2.1 方法名斷點 breakpoint set -n 方法名
(lldb) breakpoint set -n viewDidLoad
Breakpoint 4: 414 locations.

Tips:這里要說一下,xcode其實也有函數名斷點,不過用breakpoint set -n實現,比xcode下斷點快N倍,不過xcode下的斷點還給提示所有斷到的位置。

viewDidLoad斷點
4.2.2 類中方法斷點 breakpoint set -n "-[類名 方法名]"
(lldb) breakpoint set -n "-[FW_MyHomeViewController viewDidLoad]"
Breakpoint 8: where = DiDi`-[FW_MyHomeViewController viewDidLoad] + 20 at FW_MyHomeViewController.m:58, address = 0x0000000105aec944

注意:-[FW_MyHomeViewController viewDidLoad],外面一定要加雙引號,不然會誤識別為-[FW_MyHomeViewController`

4.3 條件斷點 breakpoint ?set -c "xxxx"

和xcode中symbolic Breakpoint功能相同,我在FW_HomeCell.m 362行下斷點,但又想過濾僅width>68的狀態,操作如下:

breakpoint set -f FW_HomeCell.m -l 362 -c "width > 68"
Breakpoint 5: where = DiDi`-[FW_HomeCell_HotBill setDataSource:] + 2006 at FW_HomeCell.m:363, address = 0x000000010d22e0a6

4.4 查看斷點列表 breakpoint list

(lldb) breakpoint list
Current breakpoints:
8: name = '-[FW_MyHomeViewController viewDidLoad]', locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 2
  8.1: where = DiDi`-[FW_MyHomeViewController viewDidLoad] + 20 at FW_MyHomeViewController.m:58, address = 0x0000000105aec944, resolved, hit count = 2 
9: file = '/Users/xxxx/didi-ios/DiDi/FollowWinner/Model/FW_HomeModel.m', line = 24, exact_match = 0, locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 0
  9.1: where = DiDi`+[FW_HomeModel_Rank parasWithDict:limitNickLength:] + 89 at FW_HomeModel.m:24, address = 0x00000001061bc169, resolved, hit count = 0 

4.5 禁用/啟用斷點 breakpoint disable/enable

//禁用斷點
(lldb) breakpoint disable 9
1 breakpoints disabled.
(lldb) breakpoint list
Current breakpoints:
9: file = '/Users/zmz/didi-ios/DiDi/FollowWinner/Model/FW_HomeModel.m', line = 24, exact_match = 0, locations = 1 Options: disabled 
  9.1: where = DiDi`+[FW_HomeModel_Rank parasWithDict:limitNickLength:] + 89 at FW_HomeModel.m:24, address = 0x00000001061bc169, unresolved, hit count = 0
//啟用斷點
(lldb) breakpoint enable 9
1 breakpoints enabled.
(lldb) breakpoint list
Current breakpoints:
9: file = '/Users/zmz/didi-ios/DiDi/FollowWinner/Model/FW_HomeModel.m', line = 24, exact_match = 0, locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 0
  9.1: where = DiDi`+[FW_HomeModel_Rank parasWithDict:limitNickLength:] + 89 at FW_HomeModel.m:24, address = 0x00000001061bc169, resolved, hit count = 0 

4.6 移除斷點 breakpoint delete

(lldb) breakpoint delete 8
1 breakpoints deleted; 0 breakpoint locations disabled.
(lldb) breakpoint list
Current breakpoints:
9: file = '/Users/xxxx/didi-ios/DiDi/FollowWinner/Model/FW_HomeModel.m', line = 24, exact_match = 0, locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 0
 9.1: where = DiDi`+[FW_HomeModel_Rank parasWithDict:limitNickLength:] + 89 at FW_HomeModel.m:24, address = 0x00000001061bc169, resolved, hit count = 0 

5 別名

其實很多命令是LLDB一些命令的別名,比如p是frame variable的別名,p view實際上是frame variable view。除了系統自建的LLDB別名,你也可以自定義別名。

5.1 自定義別名 command alias

很多時候,LLDB完整的命令是很長的。比如前面所說的image lookup --address這個組合命令。為了方便日常的使用,提高效率,LLDB命令也提供通過簡稱的方式調用命令。
為了說明問題,我來個奇葩的,中文定義!!!

(lldb) command alias 查看堆棧 thread backtrace
(lldb) 查看堆棧 5
  thread #5
    frame #0: 0x000000010bd3544e libsystem_kernel.dylib`__workq_kernreturn + 10
    frame #1: 0x000000010bd69621 libsystem_pthread.dylib`_pthread_wqthread + 1426
    frame #2: 0x000000010bd6907d libsystem_pthread.dylib`start_wqthread + 13

5.2 帶參數別名 command alias %1 %2等等

(lldb) command alias 刪除斷點 breakpoint delete %1
(lldb) breakpoint list
Current breakpoints:
3: file = 'JSONKit.m', line = 725, exact_match = 0, locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 0
  3.1: where = TEST`-[JKArray dealloc] + 20 at JSONKit.m:727, address = 0x00000001073360c4, resolved, hit count = 0 
(lldb) 刪除斷點 3
1 breakpoints deleted; 0 breakpoint locations disabled.

雖然我用了中文命名,但不要學習我哦,這里只是為了說明命名不只支持英文的問題。
而且,命名盡量符合簡寫規律,這樣更有利于使用。如help command alias中給出的例子:

(lldb) command alias bpl breakpoint list
(lldb) command alias bfl breakpoint set -f %1 -l %2

5.3 持久存儲

我們在xcode下打command alias,在下次項目運行時直接就沒了,有個辦法可以做到持久存儲。lldb初始化時會讀取~/.lldbinit文件,我們可以把簡寫命令寫進此文件中。

添加步驟:
  1. 打開終端,輸入vi ~/.lldbinit進入文件編輯。
  2. 寫入自定義內容,如:command alias 堆棧 thread backtrace
  3. 然后ESC鍵,出現冒號后輸入wqenter鍵保存并退出編輯。

Xcode中斷點使用

xcode中斷點其實是對lldb的一個界面化,確實使用起來特別方便。
但有一點不同:使用lldb添加的斷點,下次運行時就失效了,而xcode中設置的斷點仍然正常使用

示例

1. 條件斷點
條件斷點
2. 添加斷點事件

我們項目中就有一個使用場景:用戶想要發貼,會先請求一個接口,返回用戶是否有發帖權限。有權限跳轉發帖頁,無權限跳轉無權限提示頁。所以我們在debug的時候,就會在返回值isHasPermisson那里添加一個斷點,action中把值改為1,勾選自動繼續。如下圖:

image.png

執行結果:

image.png

通過添加斷點,可以做到偷偷改動斷點處的一個參數值,避免修改代碼,或者頻繁手動exp修改值,簡直是方便。

結語:

有了這些命令,調試起來肯定就得心應手了。總結下常用的,供多看幾遍加深回憶:

堆棧相關:bt查看堆棧、frame select跳幀、frame variable查看幀參數、thread return跳出當前執行、【step/finish/next/continue】進入/跳出/下一步/跳出本斷點

斷點相關:breakpoint set -f -l -c條件斷點、breakpoint set -n方法斷點、breakpoint delete斷點移除、breakpoint list斷點列表

image命令:image lookup -address崩潰定位、image lookup -name方法來源、 image lookup –type 查看成員

LLDB支持簡寫

最后編輯于
?著作權歸作者所有,轉載或內容合作請聯系作者
平臺聲明:文章內容(如有圖片或視頻亦包括在內)由作者上傳并發布,文章內容僅代表作者本人觀點,簡書系信息發布平臺,僅提供信息存儲服務。

推薦閱讀更多精彩內容

  • LLDB的Xcode默認的調試器,它與LLVM編譯器一起,帶給我們更豐富的流程控制和數據檢測的調試功能。平時用Xc...
    CoderSC閱讀 1,386評論 0 2
  • [轉]淺談LLDB調試器文章來源于:http://www.cocoachina.com/ios/20150126/...
    loveobjc閱讀 2,591評論 2 6
  • LLDB的Xcode默認的調試器,它與LLVM編譯器一起,帶給我們更豐富的流程控制和數據檢測的調試功能。平時用Xc...
    小笨狼閱讀 20,605評論 31 186
  • 隨著Xcode 5的發布,LLDB調試器已經取代了GDB,成為了Xcode工程中默認的調試器。它與LLVM編譯器一...
    隨風飄蕩的小逗逼閱讀 1,426評論 0 0
  • 古典美女,當我第一次看到這樣照片時候,不管從她的打扮,還她的衣服色彩,非常好看非常美,但是過了很久我才開始畫這幅畫...
    燁然v閱讀 390評論 0 2