??第三章?
??會說話的鬼
想再深入描述遠古時代的精神靈性,都會淪為假設猜測,因為我們幾乎沒有證據能夠佐證;即使是那極少數的文物和洞穴繪畫,也能有各種不同的詮釋方式。
Any attempt to describe the specifics of archaic spirituality is highly speculative, as there is next to no evidence to go by and the little evidence we have—a handful of artifacts and cave paintings—can be interpreted in myriad ways.?
??和平還是戰爭
采集社會可能有許多不同的宗教和社會結構,可以預測他們也同樣有不同的暴力傾向。可能在某些時期,某些地區一片平靜祥和,但在其他地區卻是動亂不斷。
Just as foragers exhibited a wide array of religions and social structures, so, too, did they probably demonstrate a variety of violence rates. While some areas and some periods of time may have enjoyed peace and tranquility, others were riven by ferocious conflicts.
??沉默的帷幕
p61:“講到遠古的采集生活,如果我們連宏觀景象都難以重建,想要重塑特定事件就更是難如登天。”?
If the larger picture of ancient forager life is hard to reconstruct, particular events are largely irretrievable.
??第四章 毀天滅地的人類洪水
p64:“人類首次抵達澳大利亞絕對算是大事一件,其重要性不亞于哥倫布抵達美洲或是阿波羅11號登上月球。這是人類第一次成功離開亞非大陸生態系統,也是第一次有大型陸生哺乳動物能從亞非大陸抵達澳大利亞。”
The journey of the first humans to Australia is one of the most important events in history, at least as important as Columbus' journey to America or the Apollo 11 expedition to the moon. It was the first time any human had managed to leave the Afro-Asian ecological system—indeed, the first time any large terrestrial mammal had managed to cross from Afro-Asia to Australia.?
有袋哺乳動物(marsupial )在澳大利亞原來可是最高的統治階級。然而,智人踏上澳大利亞海灘的那一殼,就正式在這片大陸登上食物鏈頂端,而且是多種巨型動物滅絕的罪魁禍首。