Student: Could you define the term "burn"?
? ? ? ? ? 你能告訴我們燒傷的定義嗎？
Professor: A burn an injury to tissue resulting from heat, chemicals or electricity.
? ? ? ? 燒傷是由于高熱，化學物品或者電擊導致的組織損傷。
S: Oh, I see.? Most people think heat is the only cause of burns, but some chemicals and electrical current can cause burns as well.? Is skin the only part that is easily injured by burn?
我明白了，許多人以為高熱是燒傷唯一的原因，還有許多化學物品和電擊也可以引起燒傷。皮膚是唯一容易被燒傷的地方嗎？
P: No, not always.? The tissues under it can also be burned, and internal organs can be burned even when the skin is not
不全是。皮下組織也可被燒傷，甚至皮膚未燒傷時，內部器官也可被燒傷。
S: Could you give an example?
能舉個例子嗎？
P: Yes, drinking a very hot liquid or caustic substance can burn the esopagus and stomach.
例如，引用熱的流質或者腐蝕性物質都能引起食管和胃的灼傷。
S：What will happen if tissues are burned?
組織燒傷后會發生什么情況？
P: They may die.? When tissues are damaged by a burn, fluid leaks from blood vessels, causing swelling.
燒傷的組織可能會死掉，當組織因灼傷而被破壞，體液就會從血管向外滲透，引起腫脹。
S：What if a large amount of fluids leak from blood vessels?
倘若大量體液從血管向外滲透將會怎樣呢？
P： In an extensive burn, loss of a large amount of fluids from abnormally leaky blood vessels can cause shock.
大面積燒傷引起大量體液從異常破損血管流失，可以導致休克。
S：Which parts of the body may be severely damaged in electrical burns?
電燒傷會引起身體哪些部位嚴重受損呢？
P：Most electrical burns severely damaged the tissues under the skin.? These burns may affect an area much larger that indicated by the area of injured skin.
大多數電燒傷會嚴重損傷皮下組織。這些燒傷影響的面積遠大于損傷皮膚的面積。
S：So electrical burn is a vital problem, isn't it?
那么電燒傷是生死攸關的問題是嗎？
P： Yes, severe electrical shocks can paralyze breathing and disturb heart rhythem, causing dangerously irregular heartbeats.
是的，嚴重的電休克可以是患者停止呼吸，擾亂心律，引起嚴重的不規則心跳。
S：Then what are the common sources of chemical burns?
化學灼傷的常見來源是什么呢？
P：Chemical burns can be caused by various irritants, poisons, etc.
化學灼傷可由各種刺激物，毒藥等引起。
S：Could you tell us what materials irritants include?
可以告訴我們刺激物包括什么嗎？
P：These include strong acids and alkali, phenols and cresols.
包括強酸，強堿，酚和甲酚。
S：What about the damage?
損傷情況呢？
P：Chemical burns can cause tissue death that can slowly spread for hours after the burn.
化學灼傷能引起組織死亡，它可以在灼傷后緩慢的蔓延幾個小時。
