Visions of the Future | A group of prominent architects discuss their forecasts for the decades ahead
We will see the emergence of intelligent buildings that can signal dynamically what is going on within.
我們將會看看會發(fā)生什么，那些動態(tài)信號的智能建筑將會涌現(xiàn)出來。
My phrase for the civilization we now live in is post–Fordist network society. Architecture needs to converge around ideas for this new era—the paradigm of parametricism—as it did around Modernism in the 20th century. We need to enhance the capacity of the discipline, not only in terms of technological sophistication, but also by taking a more scientific approach with respect to social processes.
我對文明的概括是我們現(xiàn)在生存在后福特時代的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會。建筑學(xué)需要聚合在一個新時代的理念下——參數(shù)化理論和觀念范式下——如同現(xiàn)代主義在20世紀中的作用一樣。我們必須加強學(xué)科的能力，不僅是在于技術(shù)的高深成熟，而且是關(guān)于對社會進程的更多科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的方法。
Cities will be the superbrains of our civilization. Enhanced research-and-development activity means that people will have to network and communicate all the time, and so we will make cities that are dense, open, permeable,and mixed. Each building is a device that invites, structures, and frames interactions, and so the primary task of future architects will be communication design. At the same time, the division of labor into specialisms will continue. Architects will be in charge of the overall layout, aesthetic articulation, and semiology of a building, but they will distribute all technical elements to others, including engineers, programmers, and contractors.
城市將會是我們文明的超級大腦。增強研發(fā)活動意味著人們總會進入網(wǎng)絡(luò)并交流，所以我們將城市們密集、開放、可滲透化與混合。每棟建筑都是一個進行邀約、結(jié)構(gòu)和畫面交互的裝置。因此未來建筑師的主要任務(wù)是進行交流傳播的設(shè)計。與之同時的勞動分工專業(yè)化將持續(xù)，建筑師將主要控制布局，美學(xué)節(jié)點，建筑符號，同時將技術(shù)元素進行分配，包括工程師、程序員與承包商。
If the core competency of architects is to translate the life process of an institution into space and form, and to make sure that the final product communicates as expected, architecture must develop a more sophisticated account of the built environment as a system of signification. For that, we need to upgrade the discipline’s intellectual capacity. Architectural theory will need greater rigor, like that found in economics or the social sciences, and it will need to flow more directly into the work of the practicing architect.
如果建筑師的核心競爭力是將生命的進程轉(zhuǎn)換成空間和形式的研究，并確保最終產(chǎn)品如期待那樣進行交互，建筑架構(gòu)必須發(fā)展出一系列的更為精細的建成環(huán)境作為信號的系統(tǒng)。為此我們需要升級學(xué)科的智能容量。建筑理論將會更加的嚴格，像是在經(jīng)濟學(xué)或是社會科學(xué)中那樣，建筑理論將會更為直接的流入和指導(dǎo)實踐的建筑師作品。
We will also see a greater role for artificial intelligence in the creation and operation of the built environment, and the emergence of responsive environments—intelligent buildings that can signal dynamically what is going on within. This expands the communicative potential of architecture, and also feeds hard data back into an enhanced disciplinary discourse. That will challenge a purely intuitive architectural approach. Architects need to keep pace with advances in knowledge; otherwise, they will lose responsibility. If the discipline of architecture is successfully upgraded, I foresee a growing demand for architectural skills, as design contributes an ever-greater part of a building’s value.
在創(chuàng)建和操作的建成環(huán)境中，我們也會看到人工智能將會起到更大的作用，對交互式環(huán)境的涌現(xiàn)，也將看到帶有動態(tài)信號的智能建筑。 這種趨勢擴展了交互式建筑的發(fā)展?jié)撃埽娀膶W(xué)科論述提供了硬數(shù)據(jù)反哺。那將是對純直覺建筑設(shè)計方法的挑戰(zhàn)。建筑師需要跟上知識的進步，否則會丟掉責(zé)任。如果建筑學(xué)成功升級，我預(yù)見到對建筑技能的需求將會大量增長，建筑設(shè)計將會對建筑物的價值具備前所未有的貢獻。
Patrik Schumacher
Principal?
Dr Phil, Dipl Ing, ARB, RIBA
Profile:
Patrik has been with our practice since 1988. He is a company director and our Senior Designer, involved alongside Zaha Hadid herself in all projects we undertake. He maintains an active role in the ?development throughout the design phases.
Education:
Patrik studied architecture at the University of Stuttgart and at the Southbank University in London. He completed his architectural diploma and received his degree Dipl Ing from Stuttgart University in 1990. He also studied philosophy at Bonn and London Universities. In 1999, he received his PhD at the Institute for Cultural Sciences at the University of Klagenfurt.
Teaching:
Patrik Schumacher has been teaching at various architectural schools in Britain, Continental Europe and the USA since 1992 and a co-director of the Design Research Laboratory at the Architectural Association School of Architecture since 1996. He has co-taught a series of post-graduate option studios with Zaha Hadid at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Columbia University and at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Currently he is tenured Professor at Innsbruck University and his contribution to the discourse of contemporary architecture is also evident in his published works.
ZHA projects:
His completed projects include the MAXXI Centre of Contemporary Art and Architecture, Rome, which won the Stirling prize in 2010 and one of the practice’s first completed constructions, the Vitra Fire Station (1992). He is currently involved in several master plan projects, including Kartal Pendik in Istanbul and Singapore One North.
建筑師背景：
帕特里克?舒馬赫是扎哈的合伙人，據(jù)稱他是領(lǐng)軍參數(shù)化主義的探索和積極實踐者,他不僅是扎哈.哈迪德建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所的總設(shè)計師,同時執(zhí)教于英國建筑聯(lián)盟AA。
參數(shù)化主義是一種嶄新的建筑設(shè)計風(fēng)格。Schumacher對此做了理念和實踐兩個方向的詮釋。
當(dāng)現(xiàn)代主義在當(dāng)今建筑設(shè)計領(lǐng)域，長期占據(jù)主流的時候，參數(shù)化主義革命性的誕生，其意義深遠，不在于新的設(shè)計手段的運用，也不在于前衛(wèi)的外形，而是在更深層面，對傳統(tǒng)建筑設(shè)計觀的顛覆。它的崛起，根本上是以社會經(jīng)濟生活形態(tài)的巨變作為歷史條件。
但是重技術(shù)的傾向決定了這只是建筑設(shè)計領(lǐng)域的一種流派。其酷炫的外表下，往往含著一顆脆弱的心。扎哈在日本奧體中心、廣州歌劇院等項目的失敗，表明了建筑設(shè)計應(yīng)該考慮的因素是極其龐雜的，其核心在于人是萬物的尺度，這個原則亙古未變。千奇百怪的建筑或許可以閃現(xiàn)，但樸素之美和低技環(huán)保的小建筑，仍然會長久地與環(huán)境融為一體——比如中國的院子。
