由于工作需要，需要在centos6.5服務器上安裝mysql5.7，如下是詳細安裝過程。

一.安裝環境

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

Linux version 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

二.安裝準備

需要下載mysql、boost, 并在yum中升級相關依賴包。

mysql

https://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz

boost

https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

yum依賴

yum install -y gcc-c++ readline-devel zlib-devel bison? cmake

設置用戶權限

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

另外需要修改limits.conf

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

增加如下內容：

mysql soft nproc 16384
mysql hard nproc 16384
mysql soft nofile 65535
mysql hard nofile 65535

三.編譯boost

? boost是一個c++函數庫，mysql5.7.5版本之后，必須安裝boost,因此需要先編譯boost。root用戶下 ，將安裝文件放在/opt/software目錄。boost安裝到/usr/local目錄。

cd /opt/software/

tar -zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local

mv boost_1_59_0 boost

cd boost/

./bootstrap.sh?

./b2 install

四.安裝mysql

由于服務器分區關系，所有軟件都需要安裝在/opt目錄，因此mysql安裝在/opt/mysql目錄。

cd /opt/software/

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.7.17/

預編譯

[root@m162p49 mysql-5.7.17]# cmake \

> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql \

> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock \

> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data \

> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1? \

> -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1? \

> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \

> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql? \

> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \

> -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \

> -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \

> -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

編譯安裝

預編譯成功之后，可以進行make,時間比較長，至少30分鐘以上。

make && make install

如下是make過程

至此，mysql編譯和安裝就成功了。

修改權限：

mkdir /opt/mysql/data

chown -R? mysql:mysql? /opt/mysql

五.新增配置文件

在/etc目錄下，新增my.cnf文件，文件內容如下：

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock

basedir = /opt/mysql

datadir = /opt/mysql/data

#pid-file = /opt/mysql/mysql.pid

user = mysql

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

server-id = 1

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'

character-set-server = utf8

#skip-name-resolve

#skip-networking

back_log = 300

max_connections = 1000

max_connect_errors = 6000

open_files_limit = 65535

table_open_cache = 128

max_allowed_packet = 4M

binlog_cache_size = 1M

max_heap_table_size = 8M

tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

join_buffer_size = 8M

key_buffer_size = 4M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_type = 1

query_cache_size = 8M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = mysql-bin

binlog_format = mixed

expire_logs_days = 30

log_error = /opt/mysql/log/mysql-error.log

slow_query_log = 1

long_query_time = 1

slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/log/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

#lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB

#default-storage-engine = MyISAM

innodb_file_per_table = 1

innodb_open_files = 500

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 0

innodb_purge_threads = 1

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M

innodb_log_file_size = 32M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800

wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer = 4M

write_buffer = 4M

六.初始化數據庫

cd /opt/mysql

執行如下命令

bin/mysqld --initialize --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --user=mysql

七.新增boot服務

cd /opt/mysql

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld?

chkconfig --add mysqld

八.啟動數據庫

service mysqld start

九.設置mysql環境變量

echo -e '\n\nexport PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH\n' >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

十.修改root密碼

? 臨時密碼在日志中可以查看，如果沒有配置日志或者無法找到臨時密碼，則需要通過如下步驟操作：

1.關閉mysql

service mysqld stop

2.修改MySQL授權登錄方式

cd? /opt/mysql

bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

之后登陸mysql，則不再需要密碼。

3.切換到mysql庫執行修改語句

mysql>??use mysql;

mysql>? update user set password=password('') where user='root';

ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'

可見mysql5.7的用戶密碼與5.6不同，查看mysql的user表結構可知。

desc user;

select user,host,authentication_string,password_expired from user;

可以發現，除root用戶外，還存在一個mysql.sys用戶。此時root用戶password_expired狀態為Y。為已過期狀態。密碼字段變成了authentication_string 。

4.修改密碼

update user set authentication_string=password('mysql') where user='root';

flush privileges;

exit

5.重啟登陸

service mysqld restart

之后用重新修改的root密碼即可登錄。

6.? 異常1820

登陸后如果查詢數據庫出現錯誤：

mysql> show databases;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

則需要重新設置一下root密碼

SET PASSWD = PASSWD('mysql');

重新登陸即可。

十一.創建數據庫

現在mysql安裝完畢，可以創建自己需要的數據庫。

create database demo DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE? utf8_general_ci;??

grant all privileges on demo.* to demo@'%.%.%.%' identified by 'demo123';

flush privileges;