這次要跟大家分享的是PTE中的縮寫,很多同學可能沒注意到,PTE考試中的縮寫其實也是有大學問的,在PTE考試中沒有注意到這些縮寫可能就會出現(xiàn)扣分的情況。
比如生快代表生日快樂,社死表示社會性死亡,大家都習慣用簡單的方式表達比較復雜的意思。00后或飯圈的“黑話”也隨著微博等平臺紅起來了,我們這些“前”網(wǎng)絡(luò)沖浪員,在這方面可能還真得和他們請教請假。比如:yyds代表“永遠滴神”,u1s1表示“有一說一”。
英文亦是如此。碰到長單詞如果你我都知道是什么,為什么不用一種更簡單的方式呈現(xiàn)出來呢?滿文看上去都是“pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis”這樣的單詞讀起來肯定也很難受吧。
當然,縮寫(abbreviation)是有規(guī)則的,不能亂來。對著00后說bnll(不能亂來)這種臨時新發(fā)明的東西人家肯定也不知道。縮寫的目的依然還是溝通,而且,得是彼此清楚的情況下更有效地溝通。這篇文章我們將就著PTE中的例子講一下縮寫的規(guī)則。
01
單詞縮寫——應(yīng)省略在輔音之后,元音之前
(1)SST——The amount of money drug?companies?spend on TV?ads?has doubled in recent years.
此處的ads就是advertisement的縮寫
(2)SWT——There is certainly nothing inherently wrong with TV.
此處的TV就是television的縮寫
(3)SWT——They can search for courses using the Web.
此處的web就是website的縮寫
02
壓縮字母法
(1)RA——Democrats successfully campaigned on an alleged GOP perpetrated war on women in 2012.
GOP:Grand Old Party 大佬黨、共和黨的別稱
(2)RA——There had been passionate debate at the IAU General Assembly Meeting in Prague about the definition of a planet
IAU:International Astronomical Union 國際天文聯(lián)合會
(3)RFIB——Researchers already know that spending long periods of time in a zero-gravity?environment?— such as that inside the International Space Station (ISS) — results in loss of bone density and?damage?to the body’s?muscles.
ISS:International Space Station 國際空間站
(4)SST——People?often?forget?their?cards?after?taking?the?money?from?the?ATM.
ATM:Automatic Teller Machine自動出納機。
(5)RO——The retail giant is worried, CEO Mike Duke said Wednesday.
CEO:chief executive officer
(6)SWT——While the IPCC?s estimates and conclusions are grounded in careful study, Gore doesn't seem to be similarly restrained..
IPCC:the United Nations Climate Change Panel?政府間氣候變化專門委員會
03
國際名稱的縮寫
(1)RA——Now it is spreading across Europe, New Zealand, Canada and the US.
US:the United States?美國
(2)FIB——We are lucky here in the UK.
UK:the United Kingdom?英國
04
外來文縮寫
有些縮寫來自拉丁文,在現(xiàn)在文學中仍然大量保留:
(1)RO——A pidgin is a variety of a language (e.g. English) that developed for some practical purpose.
e.g.:例如
(2)ASQ——What do these following belong to: roses, daisies, tulip, etc?
Etc:et cetera 等等
(3)WE——Some people point out that experiential learning (i.e. learning by doing it) can work well in formal education.
i.e.:id est 也就是?
05
公司、地名、人名縮寫
(1)RO——After finishing first in his pilot training class, Lindbergh took his first job as the chief pilot of an airmail route operated by Robertson Aircraft Co. of Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri.
CO.——company?公司
St.——saint?圣
(2)FIB——How old was T. S. Eliot when he wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
T. S. Eliot:Thomas Stearns Eliot?托馬斯·斯特爾那斯·艾略特
06
其他
RO——Jet stream, narrow, swift currents or tubes of air found at heights ranging from 7 to 8mi.
mi:mile英里
大家肯定會有一個疑惑,假如我口語中碰到縮寫的詞,我究竟是讀全稱還是縮寫也可以得分呢?
答案是:在你認識這個縮寫的情況下,你可以讀全稱,尤其是DI里面的一些單位的縮寫(mm,cm,mon), 但假設(shè)是在RA里,她是什么形式,你就讀什么形式就可以了。盡管還有些縮寫的特例會有另外的發(fā)音(ps:UNISEF聯(lián)合國兒童基金會,會讀成 ju,ni,sef的音), 但是大部分單詞還是常規(guī)的~,所以大家記得RA不要太多變動,DI里面的單位和國家名的縮寫盡量認識就可以啦~。