最新mac系統千萬不要用brew安裝，推薦使用官方文檔：https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/#proxies
安裝鏡像：
docker pull centos:latest
latest代表拉取最新的鏡像，當然可以先搜索下
docker search centos
查看本地鏡像庫：
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 9 days ago 202MB
在列出信息中，可以看到幾個字段信息:
來自于哪個倉庫，比如 ubuntu
鏡像的標記，比如 16.04
它的 ID 號(唯一)，比如e4415b714b62
創建時間
鏡像大小
啟動鏡像：
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it centos bash
[root@fc68ad1849ef /]#
-it 表示運行在交互模式，是-i -t的縮寫，即-it是兩個參數：-i和-t。前者表示打開并保持stdout，后者表示分配一個終端（pseudo-tty）一般這個模式就是可以啟動bash，然后和容器有命令行的交互
啟動鏡像后，分配了一個新終端，命令行變為[root@fc68ad1849ef /]#說明啟動成功，并且登陸到了根目錄
在這里可以隨意使用Linux命令了，但是有些命令是沒有的，需要手動安裝，比如vim，可以使用yum安裝，命令：
yum install vim
退出容器
如果使用exit，命令退出，則容器的狀態處于Exit，而不是后臺運行。如果想讓容器一直運行，而不是停止，可以使用快捷鍵 ctrl p+q 退出，此時容器的狀態為Up
使用exit，然后使用
查看正在運行的容器：docker ps
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it centos bash
[root@c06a8694d372 /]#
[root@c06a8694d372 /]# exit
exit
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd7181bd39ff centos "bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes priceless_goldwasser
可以看到，當前有一個id為bd7181bd39ff的容器，image為centos，就是剛剛啟動的，如果通過exit退出容器，這里就不會顯示了。
啟動、停止、重啟容器
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop bd7181bd39ff
bd7181bd39ff
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker start bd7181bd39ff
bd7181bd39ff
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd7181bd39ff centos "bash" 6 minutes ago Up 1 second priceless_goldwasser
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker restart bd7181bd39ff
bd7181bd39ff
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd7181bd39ff centos "bash" 6 minutes ago Up 4 seconds priceless_goldwasser
進入容器attach
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker attach bd7181bd39ff
[root@bd7181bd39ff /]#
安裝軟件、保存環境
安裝vim
[root@bd7181bd39ff /]# yum install vim
.....
[root@bd7181bd39ff /]# vi
vi view vigr vim vimdiff vimtutor vipw
保存容器，先退出容器，然后commit
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker commit -m '安裝vim' -a 'tongkun' bd7181bd39ff tongkun/centos:vim
sha256:1dab79502fbda22037e865b81882e073575af4e8a0bd8a0de16989b0ed244e2d
-m指定說明信息；-a指定用戶信息；bd7181bd39ff代表容器的id；tongkun/centos:vim指定目標鏡像的用戶名、倉庫名和 tag 信息
查看鏡像庫，就已經有剛提交的鏡像了
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tongkun/centos vim 1dab79502fbd About a minute ago 327MB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 9 days ago 202MB
退出現有鏡像，啟動剛剛commit的鏡像，查看安裝的vim是否存在
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop bd7181bd39ff
bd7181bd39ff
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it tongkun/centos bash
Unable to find image 'tongkun/centos:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: Service Unavailable.
See 'docker run --help'.
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it tongkun/centos:vim bash
[root@a7880e04c1d4 /]# vi
vi view vigr vim vimdiff vimtutor vipw
可以看到，這是我們剛剛commit的鏡像，有vim命令工具
刪除容器或鏡像
如果想刪除容器或者鏡像，可以使用rm命令，注意：刪除鏡像前必須先刪除以此鏡像為基礎的容器（哪怕是已經停止的容器），否則無法刪除該鏡像，會報錯Failed to remove image (e4415b714b62): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete e4415b714b62 (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images類似這種。
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a7880e04c1d4 tongkun/centos:vim "bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes blissful_volhard
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tongkun/centos vim 1dab79502fbd 10 minutes ago 327MB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 9 days ago 202MB
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rmi 1dab79502fbd
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 1dab79502fbd (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container a7880e04c1d4
刪除鏡像 docker rmi 容器id, 因為此鏡像有容器在使用，所以不能被刪除，需要先刪除容器，刪除容器命令docker rm 鏡像id，刪除之前需要先stop容器，否則也會報錯，如下：**Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a7880e04c1d42f6d1f672ac920dd33df552a409cc19029314672643ee18e5836. Stop the container before **
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rm a7880e04c1d4
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a7880e04c1d42f6d1f672ac920dd33df552a409cc19029314672643ee18e5836. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop a7880e04c1d4
a7880e04c1d4
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rm a7880e04c1d4
a7880e04c1d4
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rmi 1dab79502fbd
Untagged: tongkun/centos:vim
Deleted: sha256:1dab79502fbda22037e865b81882e073575af4e8a0bd8a0de16989b0ed244e2d
Deleted: sha256:f6def596fa2f515b28700f4cd3241e0ea78743abe6dad6d2f65bbf945f6dbf15
Docker push
正所謂“一次提交，到處使用”，我們可以把配置好的Docker push到倉庫中，比如 docker hub
先把剛刪除的鏡像重新弄回來一遍。。。。。
首先到https://hub.docker.com/注冊個賬號，然后登陸
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: tongkun
Password:
Login Succeeded
push鏡像：
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker push tongkun/centos:vim
The push refers to repository [docker.io/tongkun/centos]
15f896816a9b: Pushed
071d8bd76517: Mounted from library/centos
vim: digest: sha256:41bdaf55a709080577ccb40f61c0f91275e4a1cb62827a3893b6a5269a619d67 size: 741
push成功之后，到docker hub的倉庫中，我們就可以看到自己push上去的鏡像了，跟github類似，如圖：
pull鏡像
當我們在其他地方也需要使用此鏡像是，只需要配置好docker，并登陸docker就可以pull已有的鏡像了，為了模擬我們先把本地鏡像和容器刪掉，從倉庫中拉取
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker stop 133b1f45876f
133b1f45876f
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rm 133b1f45876f
133b1f45876f
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tongkun/centos vim 78c5c9cce361 8 minutes ago 327MB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 9 days ago 202MB
#刪除鏡像
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker rmi 78c5c9cce361
Untagged: tongkun/centos:vim
Untagged: tongkun/centos@sha256:41bdaf55a709080577ccb40f61c0f91275e4a1cb62827a3893b6a5269a619d67
Deleted: sha256:78c5c9cce361122999251ef6ed00d286e4a1af70124a53583e46dbaeb3517879
Deleted: sha256:4b40340dc18b3ef39430f7892e0021af55dcae7f5d76e3b73e0087392f6ca353
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 9 days ago 202MB
#從倉庫中拉取鏡像
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker pull tongkun/centos:vim
vim: Pulling from tongkun/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Already exists
260974091ff8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d57b9eb7123569c3b49279e8211d145b1070656be8aede5f97a0d025fc6ec6ee
Status: Downloaded newer image for tongkun/centos:vim
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tongkun/centos vim defbd9f314c9 11 minutes ago 327MB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 9 days ago 202MB
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
#啟動鏡像
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker run -it tongkun/centos:vim bash
[root@c42f9f275474 /]# tongkun@localhost java (master) $
tongkun@localhost java (master) $ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c42f9f275474 tongkun/centos:vim "bash" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds frosty_williams
最后來張docker命令圖收尾
Mac入門就到這里了，深層次的使用和控制，后面學習再補充~
