檢查安裝環境

本次安裝主機配置
主機地址：10.130.6.31
16核，32G內存，50G硬盤+500G存儲

由于公司主機均已遠超oracle最低安裝標準，不再進行配置說明

準備oracle11g安裝包

通過其他已安裝oracle11g主機上發送安裝包到該臺主機

[root@r0 ~]# scp /data1/oradata/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip /data1/oradata/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip oidd@10.130.6.31:/oradata/

開始安裝

創建oinstall和dba組

[root@r1 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@r1 ~]# groupadd dba

創建Oracle用戶

[root@r1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@r1 ~]# passwd oracle
...

驗證創建及所屬組是否正確

[root@r1 ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

配置內核參數

[root@r1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 8388608
kernel.shmmax = 7516192768 #7G
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

參數的值不能小于上面的配置，因為這是oracle官方建議的最小值，所以生產環境建議調整為這些參數，以優化系統性能。

注意：kernel.shmmax的值，#最低：536870912，最大值：比物理內存小1個字節的值，建議比物理內存小一點點就可以（過小的話后期會導致數據庫實例無法啟動或無法監聽）

修改后使之生效

[root@r1 ~]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 8388608
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 7516192768 #7G
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

修改用戶權限

[root@r1 ~]# vim  /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加
# End of file
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

在/etc/pam.d/login 文件中，使用文本編輯器或vi命令增加或修改以下內容

[root@r1 ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

在/etc/profile 文件中，使用文本編輯器或vi命令增加或修改以下內容

[root@r1 ~]# vim /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -p 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
fi

[root@r1 ~]# source /etc/profile

創建安裝目錄

[root@r1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/oracle/app/
[root@r1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle/app/
[root@r1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /data/oracle/app/

配置環境變量

切換到Oracle用戶操作：

[root@r1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@r1 ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ROACLE_PID=ora11g
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'

[oracle@r1 ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

在root用戶下解壓安裝包

[root@r1]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@r1]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@r1]# cd /data1/oradata/
[root@r1 oradata]# ll
總用量 2487200
drwxrwxr-x 7 oracle oinstall        128 8月  27 2013 database
-rw------- 1 oidd   oidd     1395582860 8月   8 17:02 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw------- 1 oidd   oidd     1151304589 8月   8 17:02 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

切換到Oracle用戶，復制響應文件模板

[oracle@r1 ~]$ mkdir /home/oracle/etc/
[oracle@r1 ~]$ cp  /usr/local/src/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
[oracle@r1 etc]$ ll
總用量 80
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 44533 8月  13 09:37 dbca.rsp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 25304 8月  13 10:18 db_install.rsp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5871 8月  12 16:10 netca.rsp

設置響應文件權限

[oracle@r1 ~]$ su - root
...
[root@r1 ~]# chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp

切換到oracle用戶，修改安裝Oracle軟件的響應文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

[root@r1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@r1 ~]$vi /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY     // 安裝類型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=r1        // 主機名稱（hostname查詢）
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall     // 安裝組
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oracle/oraInventory   //INVENTORY目錄（不填就是默認值）
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW // 選擇語言
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1    //oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle     //oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE 　　　　// oracle版本
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false 　　//自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba /　　/ dba用戶組
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // oper用戶組
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //數據庫類型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl      //SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 //自動管理內存的內存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //設定所有數據庫用戶使用同一個密碼
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false         //（手動寫了false）
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 　　//設置安全更新（貌似是有bug，這個一定要選true，否則會無限提醒郵件地址有問題，終止安裝。PS：不管地址對不對）

開始靜默安裝

[oracle@r1 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

當出現Successfully Setup Software即為成功

執行腳本

切換到root用戶，如果出現切換失敗，拒絕權限，可以直接exit

[oracle@r1 database]$su root
... 
[root@r1 ~]# cd /data/app/oracle/oraInventory/
[root@r1 oraInventory]# ls
ContentsXML  logs  oraInst.loc  orainstRoot.sh  oui
[root@r1 oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh
[root@r1 ~]# cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/
[root@r1 db_1]# ls
apex         css          emcli          jdbc  network      oui       scheduler        uix
assistants   ctx          EMStage        jdev  nls          owb       slax             usm
bin          cv           has            jdk   oc4j         owm       sqldeveloper     utl
ccr          dbs          hs             jlib  odbc         perl      sqlj             wwg
cdata        dc_ocm       ide            ldap  olap         plsql     sqlplus          xdk
cfgtoollogs  deinstall    install        lib   OPatch       precomp   srvm
clone        demo         instantclient  log   opmn         racg      suptools
config       diag         inventory      md    oracore      rdbms     sysman
crs          diagnostics  j2ee           mesg  oraInst.loc  relnotes  timingframework
csmig        dv           javavm         mgw   ord          root.sh   ucp
[root@r1 db_1]# ./root.sh

若沒有生成orainstRoot.sh這個文件，解決辦法：刪除/etc/oraInst.loc文件，再次重新靜默安裝，記住要刪除之前安裝后生成的文件，不然會出現磁盤容量溢出

配置監聽程序

[oracle@r1 ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control: 
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

修改監聽配置文件

[oracle@r1 ~]$ cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
[oracle@r1 admin]$ ls
diag                          samples                     sqlnet19081311上午1634.bak
listener1908125PM1519.bak     shrept.lst                  sqlnet.ora
listener19081311上午1533.bak  sqlnet19081311上午1515.bak  tnsnames.ora
listener.ora          sqlnet19081311上午1533.bak  tnsnames.ora_2019081221
[oracle@r1 admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )


LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.130.6.31)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

啟動監聽程序

[oracle@OIDDCDR11 bin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-8月 -2019 15:03:53

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                01-SEP-2016 11:23:31
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

建庫

[oracle@r1 ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password: 
  
Enter SYSTEM user password: 
 
sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory
sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log" for further details.

啟動數據庫

[oracle@r1 ~]$ ./sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup
...

創建用戶并授權

SQL>create user OIDD2 identified by password;
SQL> grant dba to OIDD2;

SecureCRT設置轉發端口并登錄