? ? ? ? ? ?Eileen Collins——First woman to command a space shuttle

? Eileen Marie Collins?(born November 19, 1956) is a retired?NASA?astronaut?and a retired?United States Air Force?colonel. A former military instructor and?test pilot, Collins was the first female pilot and first female commander of a?Space Shuttle. She was awarded several medals for her work. Colonel Collins has logged 38 days 8 hours and 20 minutes in?outer space. Collins retired on May 1, 2006, to pursue private interests, including service as a board member of?USAA.

Air Force career

??Following graduation from Syracuse, she was one of four women chosen for?Undergraduate Pilot Training at?Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. After earning her pilot wings, she stayed on at Vance for three years as aT-38 Talon?instructor pilot before transitioning to the C-141Starlifter?at?Travis Air Force Base, California. From 1986 to 1989, she was assigned to the?U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorrode, where she was an assistant professor in?mathematics and a T-41?instructor pilot. In 1989, Collins became the second female pilot to attend the?U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and graduated with class 89B. She was selected for the astronaut program in 1990.

?Astronaut

? Collins was selected to be an astronaut in 1990 and first flew the Space Shuttle as pilot in 1995 aboard?STS-63, which involved a rendezvous between Dscovery?and the Russian space station Mir?. In recognition of her achievement as the first female Shuttle Pilot, she received the?Harmon Trophy. She was also the pilot for STS-84?in 1997.

? ?Collins was also the first female commander of a U.S. Spacecraft with Shuttle mission?STS-93, launched in July 1999, which deployed the?Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

? ?Collins commanded??STS-114, NASA's "return to flight" mission to test safety improvements and resupply theInternational Space Station(ISS). The flight was launched on July 26, 2005, and returned on August 9, 2005. During STS-114, Collins became the first astronaut to fly the Space Shuttle through a complete?360-degree pitch maneuver. This was necessary so astronauts aboard the ISS could take photographs of the Shuttle's belly, to ensure there was no threat from debris-related damage to the Shuttle upon reentry.

??On May 1, 2006, Collins announced that she would leave NASA to spend more time with her family and pursue other interests.?Since her retirement from NASA, she has made occasional public appearances as an analyst covering Shuttle launches and landings for CNN.

Awards and honors

??

Questions:

1.How long did Collins record in outer space?

2.When did Collins retire?

3.When did Collins was assigned to the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado?

4.When did Collins get married?

5.Was Collins one of the three hundred women who had changed the world in the history of Britain?