• 我們在Linux環境中工作時, 經常會用到rm命令刪除文件, 但是rm命令是即刻刪除的, 有時可能會出現誤刪的問題.
• 針對這種情況, 本文參考網上已有解決方案, 學習并編寫了一個回收站腳本.

一 工具

• 基本功能
  1. 暫存被刪除文件 rm <file/directory>
  2. 恢復被刪除文件 re <file/directory>
  3. 清空回收站 rc
  4. 獲取回收站大小 rsize

初始化與安裝

1. github, https://github.com/trioZwShen/itrashcan.git
2. 在~/.bashrc中粘貼下面的設置環境變量, 并執行source ~/.bashrc, 或者重新打開終端

   # itrashcan
   export itrashcan="/home/szw/repos/itrashcan" # set the script path
   export itrashcan_home="/home/szw/.trashcan" # set the transcan path
   source "$itrashcan/config.sh" # source the config for alias
   

3. 初始化itrashcan

   bash $itrashcan/init.sh
   

4. 查看config.sh中的命令別名

   # set alias
   # rm by itrashcan
   alias rm="$itrashcan/delete.sh"
   # clear the trashcan
   alias rc="$itrashcan/clear.sh"
   # restore the target
   alias re="$itrashcan/restore.sh"
   # go to the trashcan
   alias gor="cd $itrashcan_home/trash"
   # get the size of trashcan
   alias rsize="du -sh $itrashcan_home/trash"
   

5. 刪除回收站
   • bash remove.sh

測試

• rm

$ ls
a  b  c
$ rm *
/home/szw/download/a is move to trashcan
/home/szw/download/b is move to trashcan
/home/szw/download/c is move to trashcan

• re

$ re a b
/home/szw/download/a restored
/home/szw/download/b restored

• rc

$ rc
Are you sure you want to permanently erase the items in the Trash?[Y/n]
Y
Done!

• rsize

$ rsize
4.0K    /home/szw/.trashcan/trash

二 功能實現

1 環境初始化

環境變量

# itrashcan
export itrashcan="/home/szw/repos/itrashcan" # set the script path
export itrashcan_home="/home/szw/.trashcan" # set the transcan path
source "$itrashcan/config.sh" # source the config for alias

• itrashcan設置為腳本所在路徑
• itrashcan_home設置為回收站的目標位置, 回收站名稱可以自擬
• config.sh中包含了itrashcan的命令別名

腳本

• init.sh 執行前需設置環境變量
  1. 檢查環境變量是否被設置
  2. 檢查回收站目標位置是否有沖突
  3. 創建回收站
  4. 初始化腳本以及回收站的權限

#!/bin/bash
# run this script for init your environment
# set -x
set -e

# check the $itrashcan_home.
if [ ! -n "$itrashcan_home" ]; then
    echo "Please set the environment var first!!!"
    exit
fi

# exit if the $itrashcan_home already exists.
if [ -d "$itrashcan_home" ]; then
    echo "The directory already exists in the target path, please check!!!"
    exit
fi

# create trashcan and trash log
mkdir $itrashcan_home
mkdir $itrashcan_home"/trash"
touch $itrashcan_home"/trash.log"

# init permissions
chmod 777 -R $itrashcan_home
chmod 755 -R $itrashcan

echo "Init Done."

• remove.sh
  • 刪除回收站

#!/bash/bin
# run this script for remove itrashcan config and environmental
# set -x
set -e
# clear file and directory
/bin/rm -rf $itrashcan_home
echo "Remove done."

2 刪除文件

delete.sh

1. 該腳本首先會檢查環境是否已經初始化, 沒有則init

   # init if the $itrashcan_home not exists
   if [ ! -d "$itrashcan_home" ]; then
       bash init.sh
   fi
   

2. 檢查輸入是否正確, 如果-f選項, 那么使用real rm
3. 利用ll和du判斷目標文件是否大于2G, 如果大于2G, 則會直接刪除
4. 重命名回收站中的文件為filename_deletetime, 防止文件重名
5. 獲取文件的絕對路徑, 用于恢復回收站文件
6. 移動文件, 并打log

#!/bin/bash
# set -x
set -e
realrm="/bin/rm"

# init if the $itrashcan_home not exists
if [ ! -d "$itrashcan_home" ]; then
    bash init.sh
fi

# usage tips
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Usage:delete file [file2 file3 ...]"
    echo "If the options contain -f then the script will exec 'rm' directly."
fi

# identify input options, if f is point then exec realrm
while getopts "dfiPRrvw" opt
do
    case $opt in
    f)
        echo "real rm done"
        exec $realrm "$@"
        ;;
    d)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    i)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    P)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    R)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    r)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    v)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    w)
        # do nothing
        ;;
    ?) # unknow argument
        exit
        ;;
    esac
done

# travel the input file
for file in $@
do
    if [ -f "$file" -o -d "$file" ]; then
        # real rm if size is larger than 2G
        if [ -f "$file" ] && [ `ls -l $file|awk '{print $5}'` -gt 2147483648 ]
        then
            echo "$file size is lager than 2G, will be deleted directly"
            rm -rf $file
        fi
        if [ -d "$file" ] && [ `du -sb $file|awk '{print $1}'` -gt 2147483648 ]
        then
            echo "The directory: $file size is lager than 2G, will be deleted directly"
            rm -rf $file
        fi

        # rename
        now=`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`
        filename=`basename $file`
        newfilename="${filename}_${now}"

        # get fullpath
        basepath=$(cd `dirname $file`; pwd)
        fullpath="${basepath}/${filename}"

        # mv to trashcan
        if mv -f "$fullpath" "$itrashcan_home/trash/$newfilename"
        then
            bash $itrashcan/log.sh $newfilename $filename $now $fullpath
            echo "$fullpath is move to trashcan"
        else
            echo "fail"
        fi

    else
        echo "$file is not exist"
    fi
done

# trashcan size > 10G remider user
if [ `du -sb "${itrashcan_home}"/trash|awk '{print $1}'` -gt 5368709120 ]; then
    echo "Warning: trashcan's size[`du -sh "${itrashcan_home}/trash"|awk '{print $1}'`] is biger than 5G."
fi

3 恢復數據

restore.sh

1. 檢查輸入
2. 設置log路徑, 回收站路徑, 以及待查找的目標模式findpattern
3. 在log中查找目標文件, 獲取同名文件數rowcount;
   • 如果有多個重名文件, 需要用戶自己確定恢復哪個
4. 檢查回收站中該文件是否存在
5. 檢查原路徑是否存在, 檢查原路徑中是否有重名文件
6. 恢復數據, 并刪除該記錄

#!/bin/bash
set -e
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Please enther the target what your want to restore!";
    exit;
fi

# travel the input file
for target in $@
do
    log="${itrashcan_home}/trash.log"
    trashcan="${itrashcan_home}/trash"
    findpattern="filename:${target};"

    # get the number of files with the same name
    rowcount=`cat -n "$log" | grep "$findpattern" | wc -l`

    if [ $rowcount -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "${target} does not exists in LOG"
        exit

    elif [ $rowcount -eq 1 ]; then
        output=`cat -n "$log" | grep "$findpattern"`
        index=`echo $output | awk '{print $1}'`

    else
        cat -n "${itrashcan_home}/trash.log" | grep "${findpattern}"
        echo -n "Please enter the line number of the target: "
        read index
        output=`cat -n "$log" | grep "\ ${index}\ *.*${findpattern}.*"`
    fi

    # get the fullpath and trashname by index
    fullpath=`echo $output | awk '{print $5}'`
    fullpath=${fullpath#*:}
    trashname=`echo $output | awk '{print $2}'`
    trashname=${trashname#*:}

    # check the trashname
    trashnamepath="${trashcan}/${trashname}"
    if [ ! -d "$trashnamepath" -a ! -f "$trashnamepath" ]; then
        echo "${target} does not exists in TRASHCAN"
        exit
    fi
    # Whether the original path exists.
    basepath=`dirname $fullpath`
    if [ ! -d $basepath ]; then
        echo "The original path [${basepath}] does not exist!!!"
        exit
    fi
    # Is there a duplicate file under the original path?
    if [ -d $fullpath -o -f $fullpath ]; then
        echo "The original path has a duplicate file [$fullpath]!!!"
        exit
    fi

    # restore from trashcan
    if ! mv -f "$trashnamepath" "$fullpath"; then
        echo "failed"
        exit
    else
        # delete the log
        sed -i "${index}d" $log
        echo "${fullpath} restored"
    fi
done

4 log

log.sh

• 需記錄原文件名, 重命名后的文件名, 源文件所在路徑

#!/bin/bash
log="${itrashcan_home}/trash.log"
# create log file if log does not exist
if [ ! -d $log ]; then
    touch $log
fi
echo "trashname:$1 filename:$2; deletetime:$3 fullpath:$4" >> $log

5 清空回收站

clear.sh

#!/bin/bash
echo "Are you sure you want to permanently erase the items in the Trash?[Y/n]"
read ask
if [ $ask = 'y' -o $ask = 'Y' ]
then
    `rm -rf $itrashcan_home/trash/*`
    `rm -rf $itrashcan_home/trash.log`
    echo "Done!"
fi

參考blog
http://www.lxweimin.com/writer#/notebooks/27796113/notes/42433921/preview