亞里士多德——1
一、柏拉圖 vs 亞里士多德 比較
柏拉圖接受了蘇格拉底的衣缽，將其傳承，象征著雅典最后的輝煌；亞里士多德則接受了柏拉圖的衣缽，并對其進行了批判思考，成為了“科學”的奠基人，是“百科全書式”的人物，在西方哲學中大致等同于中國孔子的地位。
二、唯心唯物 vs 向內向外 vs 貧窮富裕
1、人群對唯心唯物主義選擇的偏向
在經濟困難時期，哲學通常呈現所謂的“向內”的發展，更偏重于唯心主義；在經濟發展較好的時期，哲學通常呈現所謂的“向外”的發展，更偏重于唯物主義。在亞里士多德的年代，國家經濟發展較為迅速，人民生活水平高于柏拉圖時代，因此哲學多為唯物主義，與柏拉圖時代不同。
由于唯心主義與唯物主義與國家的經濟發展相關，而經濟發展多呈現螺旋上升的發展趨勢，因此唯心主義與唯物主義的哲學偏向也交替呈現。這與事物發展的“肯定-否定-否定之否定”規律是相一致的。
至于唯心主義和唯物主義選擇的這一問題，通常內心較為強大的人會偏向于唯心主義，而內心較為普通的人會選擇唯物主義。
Aristotle and Greek Science
I. The Historical Background
Aristotle was born at Stagira, a Macedonian city some two hundred miles to the north of Athens, in the year 384 B.C. His father was friend and physician to Amyntas, King of Macedon and grandfather of Alexander. Aristotle himself seems to have become a member of the great medical fraternity of Asclepiads. He was brought up in the odor of medicine as many later philosophers were brought up in the odor of sanctity; he had every opportunity and encouragement to develop a scientific bent of mind; he was prepared from the beginning to become the founder of science.
