DAY 1and DAY 2：Vocabulary
1、resistance
n.{u} dislike of or opposition to a plan, an idea, etc.; refusal to obey抵抗；阻力；抗力
eg:As with all new ideas it met with resistance.
? ?{u}the act of using force to oppose sb/sth?
eg:armed resistance
? {u} ~(to sth)the power not to be affected by sth
eg:AIDS lowers the body's resistance to infection.
? {u} {c}the opposition of a substance or device to the flow of an electrical current
? {u}? a secret organization that resists the authorities, especially in a country that an enemy has control of
eg:resistance fighters
Thesaurus: ?confrontation;fighting
2、demonstrate
v. (t) to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence
eg:The theories were demonstrated to be false.
(t)to show by your actions that you have a particular quality, feeling or opinion
eg:You need to demonstrate more self-control.
(t)to show and explain how sth works or how to do sth
eg:Her job involves demonstrating new educational software
(i)to take part in a public meeting or march, usually as a protest or to show support for sth
eg:They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.
Thesaurus:explain,expoubd,operate,instruct
3、explicit
adj:fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied; unequivocal:definite and unreserved in expression; outspoken
eg:an explicit act of violence
He was quite explicit as to what he expected us to do for him.
Related forms:{adv}explicitly ; {n} explicitness {adj} overexplicit
can be confused:implicit; implied
4、gravitational
n. the force of attraction between any two masses. ?(Physics)
eg:Compare?law of gravitation
? ? the gravitational pull of the moon
? ? an act or process caused by this force
eg:The gravitational interaction of a satellite and a nearby particle is somewhat counterintutive.
? ? a sinking or falling
? ? a movement or tendency toward something or someone:
5、orbit
n.{c}{u}a curved path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star, moon, etc.
eg:the earth's orbit around the sun
? ? ?{sing}an area that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with or is able to influence
eg:to come/fall/be within sb's orbit
v:{t}to move or travel around in anorbitalor elliptical path:
eg:The earth orbits the sun once every 365.25 days.
{i}to go or travel in an orbit.
Related forms: {adj}orbitary?
Thesaurus:path.track
6、irrational
adj:without the faculty of reason; deprived of reason; ? ?not in accordance with reason; utterly illogical
eg:irrational arguments.
Economists often refer to this sort of behaviour as irrational.
Mathematics.(of a number) not capable of being expressed exactly as a ratio of two integers.
eg:irrational number
Thesaurus:illogical,unreasonable?
7、illusion
n.something that deceives by producing a false or misleading impression of reality
Psychology
eg:She's under the illusion that(= believes wrongly that) she'll get the job
Mirrors in a room often give an illusion of space
Related forms:delusion,impression
8、notable
adj:worthy of note or notice; noteworthy: ?prominent, important, or distinguished
eg:a notable success/achievement/example
The town is notable for its ancient harbour.
n:a prominent, distinguished, or important person
eg:All the usual local notables were there
Related forms: {n}notableness {adv}notably {adj} nonnotable
Thesaurus:personage ;celebrity
9、Jupiter
n:Also calledJove. the supreme deity of the ancient Romans: the god of the heavens and of weather.(木星）
eg:Jupeter has fourteen mons ,the largest number of any planet.
10、disturbance
n:{u}{c}actions that make you stop what you are doing, or that upset the normal state that sth is in; the act of disturbing sb/sth or the fact of being disturbed
eg:The building work is creating constant noise, dust and disturbance
{c}a situation in which people behave violently in a public place
eg:He was charged with causing a disturbance after the game
{u}{c}a state in which sb's mind or a function of the body is upset and not working normally
eg:emotional disturbance
Thesaurus:trouble,commotion
11、in terms of 依…；從…方面
? ? in effect 實(shí)際上，總之
eg:So we wanted to place some debts in terms of future investment that would pay off the company in the long term.
eg:In effect, all that the darek does is highlight the lack of Light and it is through such experiences that you grow spiritually.
12、contract
n:an official written agreement 合同；合約；契約
eg:These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller
? ? ?to enter into/make/sign a contract with the supplier
(informal)~(on sb) an agreement to kill sb for money（雇用殺人的）協(xié)議，合同
eg:to take out a contract on sb
v:(t)? ? to draw together or into smaller compass; draw the parts of together（使）收縮，縮小
eg:The exercise consists of stretching and contracting the leg muscles.
? (t) ?to get an illness 感染（疾病）；得（病）
eg:to contract AIDS/a virus/a disease
(t)(i) ?to make a legal agreement with sb for them to work for you or provide you with a service與…訂立合同（或契約）
eg:The player is contracted to play until August.
She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.(vi) ~to do sth
(t) to formally agree to marry sb/form an alliance with sb（與…）訂立（婚約）；（與…）締結(jié)（同盟）
~ a marriage/an alliance (with sb)
Idioms:put out a contract on? {to hire or attempt to hire an assassin to kill (someone):}雇用刺客謀殺
Related forms: ?contractible (adj)
Thesaurus:agreement,bond,convention
13、postulate
v.to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc假定；假設(shè)
eg:They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container.
n:a statement that is accepted as true, that forms the basis of a theory, etc.假定；假設(shè)
a fundamental principle.
Related forms: postulation (n) ?;postulational (adj)
Thesaurus:assume,hypothesize,claim,suggest
14、confine
v:to keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.限制，限定
? ~ sb/sth to sth
eg:The work will not be confined to the Glasgow area.
? ?to keep a person or an animal in a small or closed space
eg:Keep the dog confined in a suitable travelling cage.
? ?to have to stay in bed, in a wheelchair (be confined to bed, a wheelchair)
eg:She was confined to bed with the flu.
n:confines. a boundary or bound; limit; border; frontier
? ? confines. region; territory.
Related forms:confinable,confineable(adj) ?;confineless(adj) ;confiner(n)
Thesaurus:restrain;restrict,limit,curb,narrow
15、intrinsic
adj:belonging to or part of the real nature of sth/sb固有的，內(nèi)在的，本身的
eg:These tasks were repetitive, lengthy and lacking any intrinsic interest.
Thesaurus:basic,essential,fundamental,central
16、velocity
n:the speed of sth in a particular direction（沿某一方向的）速度
eg:the velocity of light
high speed高速；快速
eg:Jaguars can move with an astonishing velocity.
Thesaurus:speed;rate;swiftness ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
17、detect
v.to discover or notice sth, especially sth that is not easy to see, hear, etc.發(fā)現(xiàn)
eg:The tests are designed to detect the disease early.
n:a shortcoming, fault, or imperfection
eg:a defect in an argument; a defect in a machine
lack or want, especially of something essential to perfection or completeness; deficiency:
eg:a defect in hearin
Related forms: defectible (adj) ;defectibility (n)
18、coordinate
adj:of the same order or degree; equal in rank or importance.
eg:Coordinate offices of a business.
v:(t)to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well使協(xié)調(diào)，使相配合 to place or arrange in proper order or position.
eg:They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team
eg:This shade coordinates with a wide range of other colours.
n:either of two numbers or letters used to fix the position of a point on a map or graph坐標(biāo)
eg:the x, y coordinates of any point on a line
? pieces of clothing that can be worn together because, for example, the colours look good together(顏色協(xié)調(diào)的）配套服裝，套裝(pl)
Related forms:coordinately(adv);coordinateness (n)
Thesaurus:order:correlate
19、arbitrary
adj:subject to individual will or judgment without restriction; contingent solely upon one's discretion:任意的，武斷的，隨心所欲的
eg:an arbitrary decision
? ? The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary
? ?having unlimited power; uncontrolled or unrestricted by law; despotic; tyrannical
eg:an arbitrary government
? ?That's arbitrary from amoral point of view.
Thesaurus:subjective,illogical
Related forms:arbitrarily(adv) ;arbitrariness(n)
20、emit
v:to send forth (liquid, light, heat, sound, particles, etc.); discharge.
? to give forth or release (a sound):
eg:He emitted one shrill cry and then was silent.
The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.
Thesaurus:produce. release,send out
21、sphere
n:a solid figure that is completely round, with every point on its surface at an equal distance from the centre球；球形；球體
? any object that is completely round, for example a ball圓球；球狀物
?an area of activity, influence or interest; a particular section of society范圍；領(lǐng)域；階層；界
eg:the political sphere政界
? This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US.
? ?a region that surrounds a planet, especially the earth（包圍地球等的大氣的）層
eg:ionosphere電離層
atomosphere大氣層
V(t):to enclose in or as if in a sphere.包圍；把……放在球內(nèi)
to form into a sphere.使成球形
to place among the heavenly spheres.使處于天體之間
22、ripple
n:a small wave on the surface of a liquid, especially water in a lake, etc.波紋；細(xì)浪；漣漪
eg:The air was so still that there was hardly a ripple on the pond's surface
? ? a sound that gradually becomes louder and then quieter again起伏的聲音
eg:a ripple of applause/laughter
? a feeling that gradually spreads through a person or group of people逐漸擴(kuò)散的感覺
eg:A ripple of fear passed through him.
v:(t)(i)to move or to make sth move in very small waves（使）如波浪般起伏
eg:The sea rippled and sparkled.
(i)to spread through a person or a group of people like a wave?擴(kuò)散；涌起
eg:A gasp rippled through the crowd.
Thesaurus:wave;undulate
23、deflect
v(t)(i):to change direction or make sth change direction, especially after hitting sth(尤指擊中某物后）偏斜，轉(zhuǎn)向，使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向
eg:The ball deflected off Reid's body into the goal.
(t)to succeed in preventing sth from being directed towards you轉(zhuǎn)移，引開
eg:All attempts to deflect attention from his private life have failed
(t)to prevent sb from doing sth that they are determined to do阻止（某人做已決定做的事）
~sb(from sth)
eg:The government will not be deflected from its commitments.
Related forms: deflectable （adj）deflector (反射器;偏向器；偏轉(zhuǎn)電極；空氣 n)
Day 3 :
Annie's exmaple
DAY4:
Annie say:
Q:本來文章承前啟后邏輯通順，可到光速后一下轉(zhuǎn)到電磁波就看不懂了。電磁波和光速有什么關(guān)系呢？
A:光是一種電磁波。電磁波是個(gè)很寬的光譜，從微波到伽馬光子，可見光是上面很窄的一段，也是電磁場(chǎng)的震動(dòng)傳播。
Q:理論上人的速度如果大于光速，就可以進(jìn)入未來世界，對(duì)吧？
A:光速就算是無限大也到不了未來。光速是沒有靜質(zhì)量的光子的振動(dòng)，靜質(zhì)量為0達(dá)到光速，還要超過光速的話，那要怎么樣加速呢？沒有靜質(zhì)量，因?yàn)楣庠谡婵绽镆矀鞑パ健Ｋ莻€(gè)場(chǎng)波動(dòng)傳遞，場(chǎng)呢......你可以理解為氣場(chǎng)哈哈。
Q:He observed that the times at which the moons of?Jupiter appeared to pass behind Jupiter were not evenly spaced, as one would?expect if the moons went round Jupiter at a constant rate.
A:evenly spaced均勻地分布，the times是時(shí)間、時(shí)刻。如“今天早上六點(diǎn)看到，明天七點(diǎn)看到”，木衛(wèi)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間無定，而本來應(yīng)該是確定的，如果運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度恒定的話。
Q:怎么判斷一個(gè)人講話有沒有邏輯？
A:有線索可以聽懂，可以在事實(shí)之外的方面的被反駁性，越能被反駁，邏輯漏洞越多。基礎(chǔ)的層次就是你的整篇整段整句話要是一條通路，高一點(diǎn)的層次就是能夠在攻擊下還保持不倒通常邏輯漏洞能夠present itself to you，不用仔細(xì)挑毛病。Sometimes they have hiddenassumptions which might take a bit longer to detect if you happen to have thesame assumptions
As a person, my actions will only and should only be?driven by what matters to me. But that is not the same thing as being selfish.
1.社科類是誰都可以參與的，是真的；而問題的根源往往都在于人心也是真的。
A:對(duì)，這里霍金的思維有點(diǎn)跳躍，突然提到利用光速和時(shí)間差來測(cè)量距離，這當(dāng)然也可能是一個(gè)對(duì)時(shí)間空間維度等價(jià)的展示。凡是空間上的距離都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為時(shí)間的距離。（但是反過來就不好操作了，像我們昨晚討論的一樣。回到過去就無法用改變空間距離來實(shí)行）
你這個(gè)解釋很好，也就是我昨天掙扎著試圖解釋的時(shí)間膨脹概念，我總想徹底拋棄經(jīng)典物理學(xué)角度但是忘了慣性坐標(biāo)系還是成立的只是時(shí)間測(cè)量上不再是絕對(duì)的了。這個(gè)小球其實(shí)就是原子鐘里面的脈沖波，每一秒大概是9億個(gè)脈沖的樣子，每個(gè)脈沖都在近光速經(jīng)過的觀察者看來經(jīng)過了比在鐘旁邊的人看到的更長(zhǎng)的距離，所以鐘對(duì)于這個(gè)飛船上的觀察者來說自然就走的更慢。
Q: stub one's toe on the stone是什么意思呢
A:Stub是斷了的意思，就是說踢石頭卻反傷了自己的腳趾，形容那種憤恨的心情
Q:What happens at such?events can neither affect nor be affected by what happens at P.這句話怎么理解呢
A:這些事件（包括它們的時(shí)空坐標(biāo)）無法影響P點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事，也無法被其影響
stub one's toe:If you stub your toe,you hurt it by accidentlly kicking something.
eg:I stubbed my toe against a table leg.
stub out:When someone stubs out a cigarette, they put it out by pressing it against something hard.
eg:Signs across the entrances warn all visitors to stub out their cigarettes.
?preferred?state of rest,最傾向的狀態(tài)。Take up采取，物體在沒有外力作用下總是傾向于采取靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)
Q:怎么理解時(shí)間是相對(duì)的呢
A:如果我無法和你實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)手表，那我和你的時(shí)間就不是一回事，Eg:如果我想祝你20歲生日快樂，卻在你22歲時(shí)才收到了謝謝,這樣子是夸大，但是這么說換個(gè)參考的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)光速也就不那么快了，導(dǎo)致宇宙沒有了絕對(duì)時(shí)間這個(gè)概念
Q:我們所接受的光，是已經(jīng)過去的時(shí)間嗎
A:是太陽的過去，世界上最遠(yuǎn)的距離就是我說我愛你太陽的同時(shí)，他說我愛你地球，然而它八年前就說了，于是我充滿幸福感的等了八年，等到了一片黑暗，原來太陽八年前熄滅了。Hhh科學(xué)文藝的愛情
Thought:
文章結(jié)構(gòu)
文章首先以亞里士多德的Absolute rest的理論為開頭，引出了伽利略的實(shí)驗(yàn)，牛頓以伽利略的理論的基礎(chǔ)，提出牛頓第一第二定律。之后又提出牛頓與亞里士多德的共同點(diǎn)為，都支持絕對(duì)時(shí)間。突然轉(zhuǎn)至光速，提出科學(xué)家們對(duì)“以太”的設(shè)想。爾后又證明了此設(shè)想的不必要性。絕對(duì)時(shí)間，絕對(duì)空間，空間維度，時(shí)間距離與空間距離的等價(jià)性，重力場(chǎng)的重要性區(qū)分狹義相對(duì)論與廣義相對(duì)論，光線彎曲等的實(shí)驗(yàn)介紹，科學(xué)理論組合成了這篇關(guān)于時(shí)間和空間關(guān)系的科普文章。
心得
The first day，open這份長(zhǎng)達(dá)12頁的科學(xué)文章，已做好耗費(fèi)大量精力的準(zhǔn)備。閱讀了3個(gè)小時(shí)，只漸漸讀懂2頁的內(nèi)容，生詞也僅摘抄了10個(gè)。在此過程中，也不免時(shí)時(shí)犯困，因此也造成了效率不高的結(jié)果。經(jīng)過幾次研習(xí)，還有觀看微信群中老師和同學(xué)們的問答，也漸漸對(duì)《相對(duì)論》有了淺淺的認(rèn)識(shí)。科學(xué)家們總是能對(duì)我們take for granted的事情提出疑問，進(jìn)而提出設(shè)想，做實(shí)驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)偽證。即使是科學(xué)家，也會(huì)時(shí)常不愿意承認(rèn)自身的錯(cuò)誤，牛頓也曾不愿意承認(rèn)時(shí)間，空間的相對(duì)，他堅(jiān)信絕對(duì)的神。盡管如此，還是會(huì)有接踵而至的科學(xué)家不斷向前人的理論提出挑戰(zhàn)，質(zhì)疑，開拓新思維。有限的光速，時(shí)間的不可逆，我們不能回到過去的時(shí)間，我們所接收到的光是太陽的過去式，雙胞胎的故事……越來越多新鮮的theory在拓寬思維的界限。宇宙的無限可能性時(shí)時(shí)都能帶來不同的驚喜。the universe must have a beginning and, possibly, an end.
The science is endless.
