?Unit 2 ?不定詞
不定詞(to+原形動詞)，其身份不再是動詞。它在句中扮演名詞、形容詞及副詞這三種身份。
to V
1. 名詞用法→當主語、賓語、補語
例：To buy things in a flea market must be fun. (在跳蚤市場買東西一定很好玩。)
2. 形容詞用法→修飾名詞
例：I have a lot of things to buy. (我有很多東西要買。)
3. 副詞用法→表目的、原因等。
例：I went there to buy notebooks. (我去那里買筆記本。)
不定詞的名詞用法
① 不定詞當主語
The work?is?fun.
To travel around the world?is?fun.
例：1. To answer this question is difficult for me. (對我而言回答這個問題是困難的。)
注意：不定詞放句首當主詞時，視為一件事，其后須接單數動詞。
2. To solve pollution problems is difficult for people in Taiwan.
→ It is difficult for people in Taiwan to solve pollution problems.
(對臺灣民眾而言，要解決污染問題是困難的。)
注意：不定詞為首的主詞，可用it (假主詞)代替，再將此事件放置在后說明。
3. To be patient with others is best for you. (你對別人有耐心是最好的。)
→ It is best for you to be patient with others.
※句型：It’s +形容詞(修飾事物)+for +人+ to +原形動詞…
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?It's +形容詞(修飾人)+of+人+ to +原形動詞…
修飾"人"的形容詞：good, nice, kind, brave, clever, careless, honest, bad, stupid, silly, selfish, polite…等
例：1. It's kind of you to help me. (你真好幫我的忙。)?
? ? ? ?= ?You are kind to help me. ? 注意：因為kind是修飾人的，所以可以用左側句子表達
? ? ? ? 2. It's stupid of him to speak ill of others. (他說別人壞話是愚蠢的。) ??
? ? ? ?= ?He is stupid to speak ill of others. ? ?
注意：短語speak ill of....說某人壞話
② 不定詞當賓語
I?like?baseball.
I?like?to play baseball.
例：1. I decided to quit the job. (我決定辭掉工作。)
? ? ? ? 2. He hoped to be there on time. (他希望準時到那里。)
注意：有些動詞，如decide，hope，want，expect，volunteer等，必用不定詞當受詞。
? ? ? ?3. I want / would like to see a movie with my friend. (我想要和我的朋友一起看電影。)
? ? ? ?4. You needn't go if you don't want to. (你不需要去，如果你不想去的話。)
注意：to后面的動詞和前面相同時，則動詞可省略。
③ 不定詞當補語
a.當主詞補語→可放在be動詞或連綴動詞之后，補充說明主詞。
My work?is?the thing.
My work?is?to prepare dinner.
例：1. My aim in life is to become a famous singer. (我人生的目標是成為名歌手。)
? ? ? ? 2. To see is to believe. (眼見為憑。)
b.當受詞補語→即：主詞+動詞+受詞+受詞補語。
He?calls?me?Johnny.
He?wants?me?to do it.
例：1. He told me to give up smoking. (他告訴我要戒煙。)
? ? ? ? 2. She got her husband to clean up the house. (她叫她先生打掃房子。)
注意：有些動詞，如want, ask, teach, tell, get, show等，用不定詞當受詞補語。
? ? ? ?3. He asked me not to tell her the truth. (他要求我不要跟她說實話。)
比較：He didn't ask me to tell her the truth. (他沒要求我跟她說實話。).
注意：否定不定詞→not +to +原形動詞
不定詞的形容詞用法
不定詞當形容詞修飾名詞或something…等代名詞時，采用后位修飾。即：名詞/ something… + to +原形動詞
△修飾名詞
例：1. I have letters to write. (我有信要寫。)
? ? ? ? 2. My mother has a lot of housework to do every day. (我媽媽每天有很多家事要做。).
△修飾something…等
例：1. I’ll give you something to eat. (我會給你東西吃。)
? ? ? ? 2. Do you have anything to read？(你有什么東西可讀嗎？)
注意：有些不定詞之后會伴隨著介系詞。
例：1. They have a lot of things to talk about. (他們有許多事要談。)
? ? ? ? 2. Please give me a ball-point pen to write with. (請給我一支原珠筆寫字。)
不定詞的副詞用法
不定詞可以用來修飾一般動詞，形容詞和副詞，能夠表示目的、原因等
◎ 表目的→此時可用 in order to +原形動詞代替
例：She went to London to study English. (她去倫敦學英語。)
? ? ?=She went to London in order to study English.
注意：go和come通常其后不接不定詞，而是用and連接。
例：Come and see me. (來看我。) ? 注意：and在口語中往往可以省略。
◎ 表原因→跟在表感情的形容詞之后
例：1. I am glad to see you. (很高興見到你。).
? ? ? ? 2. We are sorry to hear the news. (我們聽到這消息很難過。)
含不定詞的句型
◎ 疑問詞+to原形動詞→此為名詞詞組，可當主語、賓語、補語。
(當主語)
例：1.Which way to go is a big problem. (要走哪一條路是個大問題。)
(當賓語)
? ? ? ?2. I know how to operate the machine. (我知道如何操作這機器。)
(當補語)
? ? ? 3. He told me where to take the bus.(他告訴我哪里可以搭公交車。)
◎ too…to… (太……而不能)
※ too+形容詞/副詞+ to 原形動詞
例：1. You are too young to understand the whole thing. (你太年輕無法了解整件事。)
? ? ? ? 2. The water is too hot for me to drink. (對我而言水太燙無法喝。)
? ? ? ? 3. He worked too slowly to finish it. (他工作得太慢無法完成這件事。)
◎…enough to… (夠……可以……)
※ 形容詞/副詞+ enough+ to 原形動詞
例：1. My younger brother is old enough to go to school. (我弟弟年紀夠大可以上學。)
? ? ? ? 2. Bob worked hard enough to pass the exam. (Bob夠用功可以通過考試。)
