第056句

In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall "

譯文：在應(yīng)對(duì)如此規(guī)模的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，可以毫不夸張地說：“合則存，分則亡。”

點(diǎn)睛：本句中介詞短語in dealing with.…scale是句子的狀語。it是句子的形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to say...。“Unity we stand，divided we fall.”是一個(gè)省略句，完整形式為：If we area unity,we stand;if we are divided.we fall.

第057句

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

譯文：希臘人認(rèn)為，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語言的千差萬別之前就早已在歐洲扎根了。

點(diǎn)睛：本句中that引導(dǎo)的是assumed的賓語從句。which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，對(duì)前面整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說明，該定語從句又包含before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。而how引導(dǎo)的是realized的賓語從句。some此處意為“某個(gè)，某些”，表示不確定的概念。take root in意為“在…扎根”。

第058句

We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

譯文：我們很感激他們，因?yàn)樵诖酥螅捎谡f這些語言的部族或是滅絕，或是被同化并喪失了自己的本族語言，這些語言中有一些已經(jīng)消失了。

點(diǎn)睛：本句的主干為we are obliged to them+ because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，該原因狀語從句中還包含由as引導(dǎo)的另一個(gè)原因狀語從句。who引導(dǎo)的是以peoples為先行詞的定語從句。短語be obliged( to sb.) for sth. /doing sth.意為“受恩惠而感激（某人）”。die out此處意為“滅絕，逐漸消失”。

考點(diǎn)歸納：與動(dòng)詞die相關(guān)的常見短語還有：

• die away慢慢變?nèi)酰瑵u漸消失
  The strange noise died away.
  那奇怪的噪音慢慢消失了。

• die down減弱，平息
  Don’t worry; the gossip will soon die down.
  別擔(dān)心，流言不久就會(huì)平息的。

• die off相繼死去
  The plants in the garden died off.
  花園里的植物相繼死去。

第059句

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

譯文：這些新近被描述的語言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲的語言和東南亞的語言往往差別顯著，這使得有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩丕爾捏造數(shù)據(jù)。

點(diǎn)睛：本句的主干是...languages were...different...，句中包含so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)。過去分詞短語newly described和well studied分別作languages和languages of...的定語。accuse sb. of doing sth.意為“指責(zé)某人做某事”。

第060句

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

譯文：沃爾夫?qū)φZ言與思維之間的關(guān)系很感興趣，并形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn)：在一個(gè)社會(huì)中，語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。

點(diǎn)睛：該句的主干是Whorf developed the idea...，現(xiàn)在分詞短語being interested in...作句子的狀語，所描述的對(duì)象就是句子的主語Whorf。that引導(dǎo)的是idea的同位語從句，其中in a society作狀語。

考點(diǎn)歸納：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語一般有以下幾種情況：

• 表伴隨動(dòng)作
  Opening the drawer,he took out an envelope.
  他打開抽屜，拿出一個(gè)信封。

• 表原因
  Feeling rather tired,1 went to bed.
  由于感到很疲倦，我就睡覺了。

• 表時(shí)間
  Walking through the park, we saw a flower show.
  我們從公園穿過時(shí)看到一個(gè)花卉展。