“人生不止眼前的茍且,還有詩與遠方。”
詩,未必是讀不懂的詩。遠方,未必是到不了的遠方。
詩,源于生活,無事不成詩,無處不是詩。詩,又高于生活,能詩意棲居者寥寥。
所以,筆者打算從這期開始讀詩,幫助讀者發現語言之美,順便提高語言能力。您若喜歡,那就聽聽。不喜,繞道便是。
下面,我們來讀這首詩:Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening。
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
By Robert Frost
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
雪夜林畔小駐
余光中譯
想來我認識這座森林,
林主的莊宅就在鄰村,
卻不會見我在此駐馬,
看他林中積雪的美景。
我的小馬一定頗驚訝:
四望不見有什么農家,
偏是一年最暗的黃昏,
寒林和冰湖之間停下。
它搖一搖身上的串鈴,
問我這地方該不該停。
此外只有輕風拂雪片,
再也聽不見其他聲音。
森林又暗又深真可羨,
但我還要守一些諾言,
還要趕多少路才安眠,
還要趕多少路才安眠。
【詞 匯】
woods: an area of land, smaller than a forest 樹林
snowy: (of weather) characterized by snowfall 多雪的
queer: strange; odd 奇怪的
harness: a set of leather bands used to control a horse or to attach it to a vehicle it is pulling (馬的) 挽具
sweep: a long, swift, curving movement 一陣…… (掠過)
downy: soft and fluffy 輕柔的
flake: a snowflake 雪花;雪片
注:downy flake這種用法僅限于詩歌中使用。
【解 析】
1.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (By Robert Frost)
該詩的題目需要注意兩個介詞:
① by: past and beyond通過; 經過
② on: 后接具體的時間,如on Monday evening (在周一晚上),on a snowy evening (在一個雪夜) 。
關于作者——羅伯特·弗羅斯特
Robert Frost (1874-1963) 是美國最著名的詩人之一。他的詩曾四次獲得Pulitzer獎。Frost的許多詩是描寫鄉下農村生活的。他的詩也以富有哲理而著名。他曾說過:他的夢想是要寫出“幾首很難被人拋棄的詩”。Frost的最著名的詩包括:《摘蘋果之后》《補墻》《沒有走過的路》《雪夜林邊小駐》。最后這一首是美國學校中最常研讀的詩之一。[1]
[1] Beckerman, H.,王維東等.走遍美國:全新版.下冊[M]. 北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2004:135
2.
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
第一小節,寫主人公風雪兼程,卻突然路過友人林地,思緒萬千。
需要分別加以注意的是:
① 押韻:know與though兩詞以及snow詞尾音素相同,所以押的是 [??] 的尾韻。
② 倒裝:Whose woods these are I think I know. 其正常語序是:I think I know whose woods these are.
但為了尋求韻腳,不得不調整句子結構,好處在于強化了詩中人物情感,即主人公牽著馬在故人林邊停留,本想上門拜訪,卻苦于行程吃緊,最終不得不作罷。這種無奈溢于言表。
句型:stop to do sth. 停下來做另一件事,文中是指主人公停止趕路,轉而在林邊駐足。
3.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
該小節的亮點在擬人 (Personification) 修辭。
作者賦予馬兒以人的形象,揣摩著主人在樹林駐留的這一奇怪舉動,讓人印象深刻。這也正好是對上一段情節的補充。
Between the woods and frozen lake / The darkest evening of the year.
介詞between置于句首,句子倒裝,仍是出于尾韻的考慮。queer, near, year三詞均押了 [?r] 的韻腳。
此外,“the darkest evening of the year”也透露出故事發生背景:隆冬深夜時分。
4.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
第三小節依然以馬兒視角展開,說馬兒不解主人風情,搖鈴示意主人不要犯傻,繼續前行。
此時,林中微風習習,雪花飄落,十分靜謐。這種靜,反而更能襯出主人公內心的動(思之久,情之切)。
后兩句要注意語序,原句是:The only other sound’s the sweep / Of easy wind and downy flake.
顯然,the sweep后應緊跟of easy wind and downy flake才是完整的名詞組,但為了句子平衡(長度相似),便將介詞和兩個并列名詞置于最后。但朗讀時,出于句子完整性考慮,建議將sweep與of連讀。
5.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
最后一小節,是陷入“回憶殺”的主人公轉過神來,認清現實,決意繼續趕路。
修辭上,請再次注意尾韻 (Rhyme) 這種修辭,四句句末都押的是 [ip] 的韻腳。
同時,反復 (Repetition) 修辭的運用恰到好處,是畫龍點睛之筆,不僅增強了句子的氣勢,還突出了人物內心的矛盾與無奈。很多人認為該句蘊含哲理,其實是一種類似“革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力”或任重而道遠的感慨。