Homicide ['h?m?sa?d] n. ? ?殺人
一、釋義
1）The killing of one person by another.
2) ?Someone who kills another
"The legal term for killing a man, whether lawfully or unlawfully, is 'homicide.'There is no crime of 'homicide.' Unlawful homicide at common law comprises the two crimes of murder and manslaughter. Other forms of lawful homicide have been created by statute: certain new forms of manslaughter homicide with diminished responsibility, and suicide pacts), infanticide, and causing death by dangerous driving." ?Glanville Williams, Textbook of Criminal Law 204 (1978).
指一人導(dǎo)致或促使他人死亡的一般用語(yǔ)。該詞是中性詞，只描述客觀行為，而對(duì)其道德或法律性質(zhì)并沒(méi)有做出判斷。殺人并不必然構(gòu)成犯罪，在依法執(zhí)行死刑、自衛(wèi)以及作為追捕逃犯的唯一可能手段時(shí)，殺人是合法的。但如果一人蓄意、明智、輕率或疏忽致使他人死亡的，該人則犯有殺人罪。
二、詞組精選
criminal homicide ? 殺人罪
1）Homicide prohibited and punishable by law, such as murder or manslaughter.
2) The act of purposely, knowingly, recklessly, or negligently causing the death of another human being.
指行為人給予他人致命傷后的一年零一天內(nèi)導(dǎo)致受害人死亡，從而非法剝奪他人生命。如果行為人具有法定的明示或默示的惡意，則構(gòu)成謀殺罪【murder】；如果行為人不具有惡意，則構(gòu)成非預(yù)謀殺人罪【manslaughter】。
構(gòu)成以上任何一種犯罪必須具備以下兩個(gè)條件：1）人身傷害必須導(dǎo)致剝奪了他人生命，而不論七七嚴(yán)重程度如何；2）人身傷害必須持續(xù)的影響受害人的身體狀況直至其死亡，而不能因?yàn)槠渌脑驅(qū)е率芎θ怂劳觥?/p>
culpable homicide ? ?應(yīng)受懲罰的殺人罪 ? ? ? ? Cf. manslaughter
Scots law. A wrongful act that results in a person's death but does not amount to murder.?
在蘇格蘭法律中，是指尚未達(dá)到謀殺罪【murder】程度的殺人罪。殺人罪包括應(yīng)受懲罰的故意殺人【voluntary culpable homicide】和應(yīng)受懲罰的過(guò)失殺人【involuntary culpable homicide】?jī)煞N。
excusable homicide ?可免責(zé)的殺人
1) Homicide resulting from a person's lawful act, committed without intention to harm another.
2) ?see justifiable homicide
指行為人從事法律并不禁止的行為時(shí)，由于某種原因而造成了殺人的后果，行為人可以免負(fù)罪責(zé)。 可免除罪責(zé)的殺人有兩種情況：一種是意外事故殺人【homicide per infortunium】;一種是行為人進(jìn)行正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)而殺人【homicide se defendendo】。
felonious homicide ?惡意殺人
Homicide committed unlawfully, without legal justification or excuse.
無(wú)正當(dāng)理由而實(shí)施的殺人行為，屬于謀殺【murder】和非預(yù)謀殺人【manslaughter】的范疇。
homicide per infortunium ? 意外殺人 ? ?=homicide by misfortune
The unintentional killing of another while engaged in a lawful act;
justifiable homicide ?正當(dāng)殺人 ? ? ? ?=excusable homicide
1) ?The killing of another in self-defense when faced with the danger of death or serious bodily injury.
2) ?A killing mandated or permitted by the law, such as execution for a capital crime or killing to prevent a crime or a criminal's escape.
指面臨死亡或重傷的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，實(shí)施正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)而殺死侵害者的行為；也指法律允許其殺死他人而行為人無(wú)罪的情形，如：對(duì)死刑犯執(zhí)行死刑，有關(guān)官員在防止犯罪發(fā)生或罪犯逃脫的過(guò)程中所為的殺人行為。
negligent homicide ? ? ? 過(guò)失殺人?= ?criminal negligent homicide
Homicide resulting from the careless performance of a legal or illegal act in which the danger of death is apparent; the killing of a human being by criminal negligence.
當(dāng)疏忽造成他人死亡的直接近因時(shí)的刑事犯罪行為是過(guò)失殺人，行為人沒(méi)有明顯的殺人意圖。
reckless homicide ??輕率過(guò)失殺人
The unlawful killing of another person with conscious indifference toward that person's life.
指行為人意識(shí)到其行為具有引起他人死亡的危險(xiǎn)，仍冒險(xiǎn)實(shí)施這種行為，導(dǎo)致他人死亡。美國(guó)有些州將之歸于非預(yù)謀殺人罪【manslaughter】。
(來(lái)源：Black's Law Dictionary，《元照英美法詞典》，《英漢法律用語(yǔ)詞典》）
