==1. Eureka-Server==

1.1 新建eureka-server項目，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

1.2 修改application.yml

1.2.1 單例

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

1.2.2 多例

---
spring:
  profiles: peer1
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer1
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://peer2/eureka/

---
spring:
  profiles: peer2
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: peer2
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://peer1/eureka/

1.3 添加注解

@EnableEurekaServer

==2. Eureka-Client==

2.1 對應的服務中，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.2 修改application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

2.3 添加注解

@EnableEurekaClient

==3. Ribbon==

3.1 對應的服務中，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

3.2 修改application.yml

beebee-archives-thrift-consumer: # 服務提供者的名稱
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule # 負載均衡策略

3.3 啟動類

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}

3.4 添加工具類 EurekaUtil

@Configuration
public class EurekaUtil {
    @Autowired
    private  RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private  LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
    /**
     * 遠程調用
     * @param server 調用的服務器
     * @param method 調用的方法
     * @param p 方法的參數
     */
    public <P> String remoteInvoke(String server, String method, P p) {
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose(server);
        return restTemplate.postForObject("http://" + serviceInstance.getServiceId() + method, p, String.class);
    }
}

3.5 Controller調用

@PostMapping("/getList")
public String getList(ArchivesListParam param) {
    return eurekaUtil.remoteInvoke(Server.BEEBEE_ARCHIVES_THRIFT_PROVIDER_CLIENT, Method.ARCHIVES_GET_LIST, param);
}

==4. Feign==

4.1 對應的服務中，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

4.2 啟動類添加注解

@EnableFeignClients

4.3 在service.impl下，添加 interface

@FeignClient(name = "product-service")
public interface ProductClient {
    @GetMapping("/api/v1/product/find")
    String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id);
}

4.4 在OrderServiceImpl下使用

@Autowired
private ProductClient productClient;

String resp = productClient.findById(productId);

==5. Hystrix==

5.1 對應的服務中，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

5.2 啟動類添加注解

@EnableCircuitBreaker

5.3 OrderController使用

@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@RequestMapping("save")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "saveOrderFail")
public Object save(int userId, int productId, HttpServletRequest request) {
    Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
    data.put("code", 0);
    data.put("data", orderService.save(userId, productId));
    return data;
}

private Object saveOrderFail(int userId, int productId, HttpServletRequest request) {
    String saveOrderKey = "save-order";
    String saveValue = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(saveOrderKey);
    String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();

    new Thread(() -> {
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(saveValue)) {
            // TODO 調用短信接口 ip服務器宕機，請盡快處理
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(saveOrderKey, "save-order-fail", 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        } else {
            // TODO 30s內不再重發
        }
    }).start();

    Map<String, Object> msg = new HashMap<>();
    msg.put("code", -1);
    msg.put("msg", "搶購人數太多，您被寄出來了");
    return msg;
}

==6. Feign 結合 Hystrix==

6.1 開啟Feign支持Hystrix

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

6.2 在fallback包下創建ProductClientFallback

@Component
public class ProductClientFallback implements ProductClient {
    @Override
    public String findById(int id) {
        System.out.println("異常處理：記錄日志、發送短信或郵件");
        return null;
    }
}

6.3 在注解@FeignClient添加fallback類

@FeignClient(name = "product-service", fallback = ProductClientFallback.class)
public interface ProductClient {
    @GetMapping("/api/v1/product/find")
    String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id);
}

==7. 斷路器Dashboard監控儀表盤==

7.1 對應的服務中，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

7.2 啟動類添加注解

@EnableHystrixDashboard

7.3 修改application.yml

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

7.4 訪問入口

http://localhost:8781/hystrix
http://localhost:8781/actuator/hystrix.stream

7.5 斷路器圖示

斷路器close狀態

graph LR
consumer-->斷路器
斷路器-->provider

斷路器半開狀態

graph LR
consumer-.->斷路器
斷路器-->provider

斷路器open狀態

graph LR
consumer-.X.->斷路器
斷路器-->provider

==8. Zuul==

8.1 新建beebee-zuul項目，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>

8.2 啟動類添加注解

@EnableZuulProxy

8.3 訪問

之前：http://localhost:8781/api/v1/order/save?userId=1&productId=1
現在：http://localhost:9000/order-service/api/v1/order/save?userId=1&productId=1
訪問規則：http://ip:port/service-id/*
注意：order-service 注意大小寫，需要和application.yml配置的一樣

8.4 自定義路由

server:
  port: 9000
spring:
  application:
    name: beebee-api
zuul:
  routes:
    order-service: /beebee-api/order/**  # 自定義服務名稱
    product-service: /beebee-api/product/**  # 此名稱不要與上面沖突，否則會覆蓋上面的
  ignored-services: product-service  # 忽略一個，忽略商品服務，不能通過 http://localhost:9000/product-service/... 訪問
  ignored-patterns: /*-service/**  # 忽略多個，只能通過 http://localhost:9000/beebee-api/... 訪問   
        
訪問方式：http://localhost:9000/beebee-api/api/v1/order/save?userId=1&productId=1

8.5 Http請求頭過濾問題

@ConfigurationProperties("zuul")
public class ZuulProperties {
    // 默認以下三個敏感信息不傳遞到下游服務器
    private Set<String> sensitiveHeaders = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList("Cookie", "Set-Cookie", "Authorization"));
}

# 將此屬性置為空
zuul:
  sensitive-headers:

8.6 zuul流程

過濾器order值越小，越優先執行

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-be497b-1551267407598)]

8.7 自定義zuul過濾器

在filter包下添加LoginFilter

@Component
public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    /**
     * 過濾器類型，前置過濾器
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return PRE_TYPE;
    }

    /**
     * 過濾器執行順序，越小越先執行
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 4;
    }

    /**
     * 過濾器是否生效
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest();

        // 或者ACL方式
        if ("/beebee-api/order/api/v1/order/save".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getRequestURI())) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 業務邏輯
     * @return
     * @throws ZuulException
     */
    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest();
        String token = request.getHeader("token");
        token = StringUtils.isEmpty(token) ? request.getParameter("token") : token;

        // 登錄校驗，實際使用改為JWT
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {
            context.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            context.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());
        }
        return null;
    }
}

8.8 訂單服務限流

在filter包下創建OrderRateLimitFilter類

@Component
public class OrderRateLimitFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    // Guava:每秒產生1000個令牌，即每秒最多1000個請求
    private static final RateLimiter RATE_LIMITER = RateLimiter.create(1000);

    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return PRE_TYPE;
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return -4;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest();

        // 只對訂單接口限流
        if ("/beebee-api/order/api/v1/order/save".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getRequestURI())) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        if (!RATE_LIMITER.tryAcquire()) {
            context.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            context.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
        }
        return null;
    }
}

==9. Sleuth==

9.1 對應的項目中，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
</dependency>

9.2 XxxServiceImpl中使用

private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
logger.info("order -- service");

2019-01-16 17:45:51.507  INFO [order-service,4fdff23615ab2226,d8818e5c8e6e5ba5,false] 8446 --- [derController-2] c.z.o.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl : order -- service

第一個值：order-service，spring.application.name的值
第二個值：4fdff23615ab2226，叫TraceID，用來標識一條請求鏈路，一條請求鏈路中包含一個TraceID，多個SpanID
第三個值：d8818e5c8e6e5ba5，叫SpanID，基本的工作單元，獲取元數據，如發送一個http
第四個值：false，是否要將該信息輸出到zipkin服務中來收集和展示。

==10. Zipkin==

10.1 web使用 Zipkin

docker run -d -p 9411:9411 openzipkin/zipkin 
訪問：http://localhost:9411/zipkin/    

10.2 對應的服務中，添加pom依賴

這個依賴包含了 spring-cloud-starter-sleuth、spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin
相應的服務都要添加以下依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

10.3 修改application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: order-service
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411
  sleuth:
    sampler:
      probability: 1 # 采樣百分比：開發環境=1即100%，生成環境用默認的=0.1即10%

==11. Config==

11.1 新建config-server項目，添加pom依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

11.2 啟動類添加注解

@EnableConfigServer

11.3 修改application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: config-server
server:
  port: 9100
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ 

11.4 碼云建立config-cloud項目

https://gitee.com/zhangyimai/config-cloud.git

11.5 修改application.yml

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: https://gitee.com/zhangyimai/config-cloud 
          username:
          password: 
          timeout: 5

11.6 在碼云config-cloud項目上，新建product-service.yml文件

11.7 訪問方式

http://localhost:9100/product-service.yml
/{name}-{profiles}.properties
/{name}-{profiles}.yml
/{name}-{profiles}.json
/{label}/{name}-{profiles}.yml
name：服務器名稱
profile：環境名稱，開發、測試、生產
lable：倉庫分支、默認master分支

11.8 config-client使用，product-service添加pom依賴

<!--配置中心客戶端-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

11.9 修改application.yml為bootstrap.yml

# 服務名稱
spring:
  application:
    name: product-service
  # 指定從哪個配置中心讀取
  cloud:
    config:
      discovery:
        service-id: CONFIG-SERVER # 服務ID
        enabled: true
      label: dev # dev分支，建議用label區分配置文件的環境
      profile: dev # 配置文件后綴，不建議用profile區分配置文件的環境
# 注冊中心
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
      
此配置文件讀取的路徑：http://localhost:9100/dev/product-service-dev.yml

==12. Bus==

12.1 Docker安裝啟動RabbitMQ

docker pull rabbitmq:management
docker run -d --name="myrabbitmq" -p 5671:5671 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:management
訪問：http://localhost:15672
用戶名密碼：guest

12.2 config-client添加pom依賴

<!--配置中心結合消息隊列-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

12.3 添加RabbitMQ等配置

在碼云config-cloud項目中，對應的配置文件添加如下配置

# RabbitMQ連接信息
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
#暴露全部的監控信息
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

12.4 需要刷新配置的類上添加注解

如需動態刷新，需要配置以下注解
@RefreshScope

12.5 動態刷新配置

post方式請求：http://localhost:8773/actuator/bus-refresh
8773是當前項目的端口，如果是多個節點，其他節點也會刷新
注意：動態刷新配置，在開發和測試環境使用，盡量少在生產環境使用

==13. 微服務改造為配置中心總結==

13.1 碼云上創建cloud-config項目，并添加對應配置文件

微服務添加以下配置

# RabbitMQ連接信息
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
#暴露全部的監控信息
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

13.2 微服務添加pom依賴

<!--配置中心客戶端-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--配置中心結合消息隊列-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

13.3 application.yml --> bootstrap.yml

# 服務名稱
spring:
  application:
    name: product-service
  # 指定從哪個配置中心讀取
  cloud:
    config:
      discovery:
        service-id: CONFIG-SERVER # 服務ID
        enabled: true
      label: dev # dev分支
      profile: dev # 配置文件后綴
# 注冊中心
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

13.4 各個項目啟動順序

1. 注冊中心
2. 配置中心
3. 各個服務：商品服務、訂單服務...
4. 啟動網關